Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 4ILQ
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/pupillary) to learn about the pupillary reflexes. The pupillary light reflex involves sensory input through the optic nerve and motor response through the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglion, which projects to the circular fibers of the iris. As shown in this short animation, pupils will constrict to limit the amount of light falling on the retina under bright lighting conditions. What constitutes the afferent and efferent branches of the competing reflex (dilation)?
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Watch this video (Links to an external site.) to learn more about a transverse section through the brain that depicts the visual pathway from the eye to the occipital cortex. The first half of the pathway is the projection from the RGCs through the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus on either side. This first fiber in the pathway synapses on a thalamic cell that then projects to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe where “seeing,” or visual perception, takes place. This video gives an abbreviated overview of the visual system by concentrating on the pathway from the eyes to the occipital lobe. Specialized cells in the retina called ganglion cells convert the light rays into ________________.
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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/occipital) to learn more about a transverse section throughthe brain that depicts the visual pathway from the eye tothe occipital cortex. The first half of the pathway is theprojection from the RGCs through the optic nerve to thelateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus on either side.This first fiber in the pathway synapses on a thalamic cellthat then projects to the visual cortex in the occipital lobewhere “seeing,” or visual perception, takes place. This video gives an abbreviated overview of the visual systemby concentrating on the pathway from the eyes to theoccipital lobe. The video makes the statement (at 0:45) that“specialized cells in the retina called ganglion cells convertthe light rays into electrical signals.” What aspect of retinalprocessing is simplified by that statement? Explain youranswer.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 15 - Watch this video...Ch. 15 - Watch this video...Ch. 15 - Read this article...Ch. 15 - Watch this video...Ch. 15 - Watch this video...Ch. 15 - Watch this video...Ch. 15 - Which of these physiological changes would not be...Ch. 15 - Which type of fiber could be considered the...Ch. 15 - Which signaling molecule is most likely...Ch. 15 - Which of these cranial nerves contains...
Ch. 15 - Which of the following is not a target of a...Ch. 15 - Which of the following represents a sensory input...Ch. 15 - What is the term for a reflex that does not...Ch. 15 - What neurotransmitter will result in constriction...Ch. 15 - What gland produces a secretion that causes...Ch. 15 - Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?...Ch. 15 - Which of these locations in the forebrain is the...Ch. 15 - Which nerve projects to the hypothalamus to...Ch. 15 - What region of the limbic lobe is responsible for...Ch. 15 - What is another name for the preganglionic...Ch. 15 - What central fiber tract connects forebrain and...Ch. 15 - A drag that affects both divisions of the...Ch. 15 - A drug is called an agonist if it ________. blocks...Ch. 15 - Which type of drug would be an antidote to...Ch. 15 - Which kind of ding would have anti-anxiety...Ch. 15 - Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma...Ch. 15 - In the context of a lioness hunting on the...Ch. 15 - A target effector, such as the heart, receives...Ch. 15 - Damage to internal organs will present as pain...Ch. 15 - Medical practice is paying more attention to the...Ch. 15 - Horners syndrome is a condition that presents with...Ch. 15 - The cardiovascular center is responsible for...Ch. 15 - Why does smoking increase the risk of heart...Ch. 15 - Why might topical, cosmetic application of...
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- Larry goes to the doctor complaining that he cant see the right side of the visual field with either eye. Where in the visual signal-processing pathway is Larrys problem occurring?arrow_forwardWatch this video (Links to an external site.) to learn more about how the brain perceives 3-D motion. Similar to how retinal disparity offers 3-D moviegoers a way to extract 3-D information from the two-dimensional visual field projected onto the retina, the brain can extract information about movement in space by comparing what the two eyes see. If movement of a visual stimulus is leftward in one eye and rightward in the opposite eye, the brain interprets this as movement toward (or away) from the face along the midline. Which eye is visualizing leftward stimulus?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the eye is/are TRUE? Group of answer choices Parasympathetic (sympathetic) innervation of the sphincter pupillae stimulates pupil dilation. Photoreceptors in the retina are of two types: rods and cones. Eye color is determined by that of the iris. A. Light striking the fovea centralis goes unnoticed and is commonly called the "blind spot". B. Light entering the eye passes through the cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, and vitreous body, from outer to inner.(posterior only) C. Movement of the extrinsic muscles of the eye is controlled by the autonomic (optic nerve) nervous system. D. Because lacrimal fluid ultimately enters into the nasal cavity, people often sniffle when they cry. F. The adjustability of the lens allows the eye to focus on nearby objects.arrow_forward
- Concerning the visual pathway, the information will be relayed to what part of the brain stem, which is also the region for the visual reflex? Question options: A medulla oblongata B pons C midbrainarrow_forwardDiscuss the importance of performing the Pupillary Light Reflex test. Why is Pupillary Dark Reflex test necessary to perform in the clinic?arrow_forwardPut the following steps in order for transduction for vision. Question options: PDE breaks down cyclic GMP Photon is absorbed by discs the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes Sodium channels are inactivated and the dark current stops Opsin is activated Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is activated Transducin is activatedarrow_forward
- Place the following neural structures in the correct order based on pupillary constriction as a result of light being shone in your eye. Pupillary smooth muscle contraction Optic nerve-cranial nerve Il oculomotor nerve-cranial nerve III Midbrain (superior colliculi) Light hits photoreceptor cells in the retinaarrow_forwardWhat is the function of the corneal reflex? What is the function of the normal pupillary response to light? What is the function of the consensual response of the pupil to light? What functions do reflex responses serve?arrow_forwardDiscuss the visual pathways in motor control, from when the information is registered on the retina and finally reaching the spinal cord effectorsarrow_forward
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