Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we have focused on how prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms regulate the expression of genetic information. In particular, we discussed both transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. Based on your knowledge of these topics, answer several fundamental questions:
(a) How do we know that bacteria regulate the expression of certain genes in response to the environment?
(b) How do we know that bacterial gene clusters are often coordinately regulated by a regulatory region that must be located adjacent to the cluster?
(c) What led researchers to conclude that a trans-acting repressor molecule regulates the lac operon?
(d) How do we know that promoters and enhancers regulate transcription of eukaryotic genes?
(e) How do we know that DNA methylation plays a role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Describe and give an example of each of the following levels of gene expression control in eukaryotes:
a) epigenetic control
b) transcriptional control
c) post-transcriptional control
d) translational control
e) post-translational control
Which of the following are possible reasons that a cell would regulate its expression of a gene? (Select all that apply.) (a) an increased need for a particular enzyme (b) a decreased need for a particular enzyme (c) increasing temperature in the external environment (d) changing needs as an organism ages (e) death
Regarding eukaryotic genes, it is correct to state that: *
A) Distal enhancer-like elements decrease the intensity of gene transcription activation B)Mutations in intronic regions of a gene can alter the levels of its corresponding protein
C)They are regulated only by promoter regions, being activated or repressed by the presence of transcription factors
D)The junctions of exons and introns are recognized by splicing factors, which ensure the production of the same mRNA regardless of cell type.
E) Activator and repressor proteins bind to the coding region of genes, regulating the intensity of their transcription
Chapter 15 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY | A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY |A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY |A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we have...Ch. 15 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 280....Ch. 15 - Describe which enzymes are required for lactose...Ch. 15 - Contrast positive versus negative regulation of...Ch. 15 -
5. Both attenuation and riboswitches rely on...Ch. 15 - For the lac genotypes shown in the accompanying...Ch. 15 -
7. For the genotypes and conditions (lactose...
Ch. 15 -
8. The locations of numerous lacI– and lacIs...Ch. 15 - Explain why catabolite repression is used in...Ch. 15 - Describe experiments that would confirm whether or...Ch. 15 - Predict the level of genetic activity of the lac...Ch. 15 - Predict the effect on the inducibility of the lac...Ch. 15 -
13. Describe the role of attenuation in the...Ch. 15 -
14. In a theoretical operon, genes A, B, C, and D...Ch. 15 - A bacterial operon is responsible for production...Ch. 15 - A marine bacterium is isolated and is shown to...Ch. 15 -
17. Why is gene regulation more complex in a...Ch. 15 -
18. List and define the levels of eukaryotic gene...Ch. 15 -
19. Distinguish between the cis-acting regulatory...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 15 - Compare the control of gene regulation in...Ch. 15 - Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT...Ch. 15 -
23. What is RNA-induced gene silencing in...Ch. 15 - Although it is customary to consider...Ch. 15 - DNA methylation is commonly associated with a...Ch. 15 - The interphase nucleus appears to be a highly...Ch. 15 - It has been estimated that at least two-thirds of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- We know that eukaryote gene regulation can occur at any point in the process of gene expression. (a) What is the final step where gene expression control may occur in the process of protein expression ? (b) Is this a cellular energy efficient or inefficient mechanism of gene regulation? Explain.arrow_forwardA full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete promoter sequence and a functional polyadenylation sequence, and it has wild-type nucleotides throughout the transcribed region. However, the gene fails to produce a functional protein. a)List at least 3 possible reasons why this eukaryotic gene is not expressed in bacteria. b)What changes would you recommend to permit expression of this eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell?arrow_forwardA) List the steps for gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B) Relate the differences in gene expression between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in gene expression regulation and explain what causes those differences.arrow_forward
- Regarding eukaryotic genes, it is correct to state that: a) Distal enhancer-like elements decrease the intensity of gene transcription activation b) Mutations in intronic regions of a gene can alter the levels of its corresponding protein c) They are regulated only by promoter regions, being activated or repressed by the presence of transcription factors d) The junctions of exons and introns are recognized by splicing factors, which guarantee the production of the same mRNA regardless of cell type. e) Activator and repressor proteins bind to the coding region of genes, regulating the intensity of their transcriptionarrow_forwardWHAT ELSE CAN I ADD TO THIS DISCUSSION In general, what is gene regulationand what are the consequences if this process goes awry? Gene regulation is the process used to control the timing, location and amount of genes expressed. The process is carried out by a variety of mechanisms, including regulatory proteins and chemical modification of DNA. It’s key to the ability of an organism to respond to environmental changes. If the gene regulation process goes awry, these alterations are called mutations and can accumulate over a lifetime. Errors in genes that control cell division can cause cancer and other genetic mutations to take place.arrow_forwardGenes can be transcribed into mRNA, in the case of protein coding genes, or into RNA, in the case of genes such as those that encode ribosomal or transfer RNAs. Define a gene. For the following characteristics, state whether they apply to (a) continuous, (b) simple, or (c) complex transcription units.i. Found in eukaryotesii. Contain intronsiii. Capable of making only a single protein from a given genearrow_forward
- You are teaching a class on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In order to demonstrate this complex process, you decide to draw for the class a typical eukaryotic gene/transcription unit with its major regions, such as the promoter regions, where the RNA polymerase II and transcription factors would bind From the list given - choose all components that you think are part of a typical eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the expression of this eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to control its expressionarrow_forwardThere are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.a) Predict the outcome or consequences of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryote without the presence of transcription factors (TF).arrow_forwardSelect the following descriptions of gene transcription regulation in eukaryotes that are post-transcriptional/pre-translational: Select 3 correct answer(s) A) Acetylation of histone tails B) Length of poly A tail C) Alternative splicing of mRNA molecule D) Binding of activators to enhancers regions on the DNA E) Addition of functional groups to a fully formed protein F) DNA methylation G) Chromatin modification H) Destruction of protein before/after modifications by a proteosome I) destruction of mRNA by RNA interferencearrow_forward
- Select the following descriptions of gene transcription regulation in eukaryotes that are post-translational: Select 2 correct answer(s) O A) Length of poly A tail B) Chromatin modification C) Destruction of protein before/after modifications by a proteosome U D) Alternative splicing of mRNA molecule E) Acetylation of histone tails F) Binding of activators to enhancers regions on the DNA G) destruction of mRNA by RNA interference O H) DNA methylation UI) Addition of functional groups to a fully formed proteinarrow_forwardATM is a kinase that phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Which of the following scenarios would most quickly regulate ATM activity in the cell? a) Adding silencing methyl groups to cytosines in the Atm gene b) Modifying the histone code for the Atm gene c) Increasing expression of a miRNA specific for the Atm mRNA d) Activating an E3 ubiquitin ligase specific for the ATM proteinarrow_forwardAnswer these questions concerning promoters. a) What role do promoters play in transcription? b) What is the common structure of bacterial promoter with respect to consensus sequences? c) Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than bacterial promoters. Why? d) What is the meaning of the term alternative promoter? How does the use of alternative promoters affect transcription?arrow_forward
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