Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 14PDQ
In a theoretical operon, genes A, B, C, and D represent the repressor gene, the promoter sequence, the operator gene, and the structural gene, but not necessarily in that order. This operon is concerned with the
| Genotype | tm Present | tm Absent |
| A+B+C+D+ | AE | NE |
| A+B+C+D+ | AE | AE |
| A+B+C+D+ | NE | NE |
| A+B+C+D+ | IE | NE |
| A+B+C+D+ | AE | AE |
| A+B+C+D+/F'A+B+C+D+ | AE | AE |
| A+B+C+D+/F'A+B+C+D+ | AE | NE |
| A+B+C-D+/F'A+B+C+ D+ | AE + IE | NE |
| A+B+C+D-/F'A+B+C+D+ | AE | AE |
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The diagram below represents a hypothetical operon in the bacterium E. coli. The operon consists
of two structural genes (A and B), which code for the enzymes “Aase" and "Base", respectively, and
also includes P (promoter) and O (operator) regions as shown.
A
В
When a certain compound (X) is added to the growth medium of E. coli, the separate enzymes
"Aase" and "Base" are both synthesized at a 50-fold higher rate than in the absence of X. (X has a
molecular weight of about 200.) Which of the following statements is true of the operon described
above?
The region of the A gene that codes for the carboxyl-terminal amino acid of “Aase" is near the left end of the
A gene.
The P region contains nucleotide sequences to which the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (including the o
subunit) binds specifically but which the core enzyme does not recognize.
The addition of X to the growth medium causes a repressor protein to bind tightly to the O region.
The mRNA copied from this operon will be covalently…
For the following questions, describe the expression levels of the structural genes in the Trp operon under the conditions described.
In the absence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the presence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the absence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the presence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the absence of tryptophan and the trpR repressor gene is mutated such that the…
For the following questions, describe the expression levels of the structural genes in the Trp operon under the conditions described.
In the absence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the presence of tryptophan, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
In the absence of tryptophan and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"]
Chapter 15 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY | A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY |A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY |A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we have...Ch. 15 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 280....Ch. 15 - Describe which enzymes are required for lactose...Ch. 15 - Contrast positive versus negative regulation of...Ch. 15 -
5. Both attenuation and riboswitches rely on...Ch. 15 - For the lac genotypes shown in the accompanying...Ch. 15 -
7. For the genotypes and conditions (lactose...
Ch. 15 -
8. The locations of numerous lacI– and lacIs...Ch. 15 - Explain why catabolite repression is used in...Ch. 15 - Describe experiments that would confirm whether or...Ch. 15 - Predict the level of genetic activity of the lac...Ch. 15 - Predict the effect on the inducibility of the lac...Ch. 15 -
13. Describe the role of attenuation in the...Ch. 15 -
14. In a theoretical operon, genes A, B, C, and D...Ch. 15 - A bacterial operon is responsible for production...Ch. 15 - A marine bacterium is isolated and is shown to...Ch. 15 -
17. Why is gene regulation more complex in a...Ch. 15 -
18. List and define the levels of eukaryotic gene...Ch. 15 -
19. Distinguish between the cis-acting regulatory...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 15 - Compare the control of gene regulation in...Ch. 15 - Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT...Ch. 15 -
23. What is RNA-induced gene silencing in...Ch. 15 - Although it is customary to consider...Ch. 15 - DNA methylation is commonly associated with a...Ch. 15 - The interphase nucleus appears to be a highly...Ch. 15 - It has been estimated that at least two-thirds of...
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- The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. You are given a new strain of Escherichia coli with the following lac operon genotype: p+0°Z•Y*A +// P*O*Z*Y+ A- (i) Explain how the lac I gene affects gene expression. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP in the bacterial operon. (iii) Which part of the lac operon is cis-dominant? Explain.arrow_forwardThe lactose operon in E. coli comprises two structural genes and three regulatory components.a.State the name of each structural gene and describe its function: b.) State the name of each regulatory component and describe its functionarrow_forwardA number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. O CAP+ r* p* o* z O CAP* I P* o* z* O CAP* r* P O* z* O CAP I P* O z*arrow_forward
- A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the lowest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. Orpt o* z* r* Orpt ot z* Y OrptoztY Orrotzr OrPotz*Yarrow_forwardFor the following questions, describe the expression levels of the structural genes in the Lac operon under the conditions described. In the absence of lactose, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the presence of lactose, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the absence of lactose and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the presence of lactose and the promoter sequence was mutated such that the RNA polymerase can no longer bind, the structural genes will:[ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed", "Be deleted from the operon"] In the absence of lactose and the lacI repressor gene is mutated such that the repressor protein…arrow_forwardImagine that a new strain of E. coli is discovered, and it contains the following novel genetic region including the lacI gene and the lac operon: *see image* Upstream of the promoter associated with the lac operon, there is a new operator element "Oν" (O-"nu"). This new operator has high sequence homology to O1, the DNA element that is bound with the highest affinity by the lac repressor. What would be the impact of this new genetic element regarding behavior of the operonin the absence (vs. the presence) of lactose and allolactose? Answer in terms of the protein levels of the lac repressor, as well as the proteins encoded by the genes lacZ/Y/A in the downstream region of the operon. Remember that proteins, once expressed/generated, will not persist forever, and that they have a natural lifetime (ending when they are degraded by the cell).arrow_forward
- Explain the process of attenuation in the trp operon under the following conditions: (i) No tryptophan (ii) High tryptophan levelsarrow_forwardIn the: Mutation of the regulatory region for a repressor protein in the lac operon. Explain: (a) What is the process affected? (b) What is the Effect on the process? (c) Does it affect prokaryotes, eukaryotes or both?arrow_forwardA strain of E. coli has the genotypes shown below at the lac operon, where I = regulator gene, P = promoter, O = operator, Z = βgalactosidase gene, and Y = permease gene. The superscript+ indicates a wild-type allele,c indicates a constitutive mutation, and− indicates a defective mutation. For each genotype, indicate whether the enzyme will be synthesized or not synthesized when lactose is present or absent by placing a + for synthesis occurring and a − for synthesis not occurring in the appropriate blank. Explain your reasoning for each answer.arrow_forward
- Bob determines that Red/pink protein is synthesized at much higher amounts than the Brown protein; Bob thinks that this is how the burger always is perfectly medium-rare (pink/red in the interior of the patty, with a small amount of brown at the burger’s surface). Bob also knows that R and B both are transcribed from the single operon. Briefly describe the biological mechanism allowing for accumulation of more R than B protein.arrow_forwardThe diagram below represents the tryptophan operon with the trp leader mRNA transcript enlarged to represent the AUG translation start codon, two consecutive tryptophan amino acid codons (UGGUGG), and 4 regions (1, 2, 3, and 4) that base pair to form different hairpin-loop structures in the mRNA leader region. Suppose a mutant bacteria has region 3 of the trp operon attenuator region mutated so that it cannot base pair normally. Would the bacteria grow in the absence of the amino acid tryptophan? (hint: in order for bacteria to grow in absence of tryptophan it should be able to synthesize its own tryptophan) Leader region trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA DNA 5' 3' Transcription trp leader sequence MRNA AUG UGGUGG UUUUUU 1 2 3 (tryptophan codons) There is insufficient information to answer the question. Yes No O Oarrow_forwardThe diagram below represents the tryptophan operon with the trp leader mRNA transcript enlarged to represent the AUG translation start codon, two consecutive tryptophan amino acid codons (UGGUGG), and 4 regions (1, 2, 3, and 4) that base pair to form different hairpin-loop structures in the MRNA leader region. Suppose a mutant bacteria has region 4 of the trp operon attenuator region mutated so that it cannot base pair normally. Would the bacteria grow in the absence of the amino acid tryptophan? (hint: in order for bacteria to grow in absence of tryptophan it should be able to synthesize its own tryptophan) Lead&r region trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA DNA 5' 3' Transcription trp leader sequence MRNA UGGUGG 1 (tryptophan codons) AUG UUUUUU No There is insutficient information to answer the question. O Yesarrow_forward
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