General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group ( − COOH ) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated. Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol. Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals. Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.27UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group (−COOH) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals.

Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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1. Draw, using condensed structural formulas, all reactants and products of the saponification reaction of a triacylglycerol using NaOH. Use lauric acid, a 12-carbon saturated fatty acid found in vegetable shortening. 2. Soap can be made using a variety of different fats, oils and bases. Suppose a student wanted to make a soft, liquid soap that lathers easily. What type(s) of fat/oil and base would you recommend? How would this differ from making a solid bar of soap? 3. Vegetable oils are typically liquid at room temperature, yet Crisco (which is made of vegetable oil) is solid at room temperature. Explain why/how this is the case. 4. Explain, with the use of a diagram how soap molecules work to clean “dirt” particles. 5. Amylase is a natural enzyme found in saliva. Describe this enzyme’s function. 6. Lactose is a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. Explain how it is broken down in most individuals. Explain lactose “intolerance”.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.27UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group (−COOH) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals.

Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.27UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group (−COOH) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals.

Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 15, Problem 15.27UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group (−COOH) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals.

Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.27UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group (−COOH) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals.

Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.27UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group (−COOH) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals.

Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.27UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

General structure for fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipid and consists of a carboxyl group (−COOH) with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

Soap is the long hydrocarbon chain with the metal salt of the fatty acid and is formed by the basic hydrolysis of triacylglycerol.

Waxes are type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals.

Triacylglycerols are lipids that are formed by two or more similar or different fatty acids. They are also called triglycerides and are hydrophobic and nonpolar in nature. Addition of glycerol and three similar or different fatty acids results into triacylglycerols.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 15.1 - In which solvents or solutions will a lipid be...Ch. 15.2 - (a) Draw a skeletal structure for each fatty acid....Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.3P Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15.3 - Draw the structure of a wax formed from stearic...Ch. 15.3 - One component of jojoba oil is a wax formed from...Ch. 15.3 - What hydrolysis products are formed when cetyl...Ch. 15.4 - Draw the structure of a triacylglycerol that...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 15.9P Ch. 15.4 - Draw the structure of a triacylglycerol that fits...

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of fatty acids, soaps, waxes and triacylglycerols.

Concept explainers

Videos

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 15 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of fatty acids, soaps, waxes and triacylglycerols.

Concept explainers

Videos

Interpretation: Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 15 Solutions

Interpretation:

Structure of example of fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are water-soluble or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

Whether fatty acids, soaps, waxes, and triacylglycerols are soluble in hexane or not has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).