Concept explainers
Write equations to show how the following conversions can be achieved. More
than one reaction is required, and reactions from earlier chapters may be necessary.
a.
b.
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Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
- Alcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the steps (reactants/catalysts) you would follow to carry out the conversions, drawing the formula for the organic product in each step. For each step, a major product must be produced. (See Exercise 62.) (Hint: In the presence of H+, an alcohol is converted into an alkene and water. This is the exact reverse of the reaction of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.) a. 1-butanol butane b. 1-butanol 2-butanonearrow_forwardWhat functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?arrow_forwardDraw the condensed structural formula or skeletal formula, if yclic, for the alkene that is the major product from each of the following dehydration reactions: H+ а. CHз— CH—— СH — СH —ОН - Heat ОН ОН b. H+ с. H+ Heat Heat ОН d. CH3— CH — CH,— СH— СH, Нeat Draw the condensed structural formula for the ether produced y each of the following reactions: H+ а. 2СH3 — ОН Heat H+ b. 2CH3 — СH>— CH-— ОН Heatarrow_forward
- Complete the reaction by providing the starting material /reagent/products. Choose from the choices.arrow_forwardThe chemical reaction of 2-butene and HCl yields what product? O CH3CH₂CH₂CH3 O CI CH 3 CH 2 C HCH 3 CI CI I 1 CH3-CH-CH-CH3 CH3 I CH3 CHCH3 Cl I CH 3 C CH 2 CH 3 CH3 O Oarrow_forward6. Complete the following halogenation reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and the product. a) Ct5-CH-OH b) CH-CH-CH c) PE 7. Name the following phenols.arrow_forward
- Complete the following halogenation reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and the product. a) Cty-CH-0H b) CH3 CH-CH-CH PBY3 c) PE 7. Name the following phenols. d) a) b) OH c) OH Br OH CH2 HO CI Br 8. Name the following ethers. b) a) CHy-0-C-CHs CHy-0-CH3 c) d) Cy-CH-0 talamc) Earrow_forward1. Most margarines have been hydrogenated to maintain a soft, homogeneous mixture. While the product is easy to spread, this has made the product an unhealthy choice. A hydrogenation reaction is used to convert an alkene to an alkane. a carboxylic acid to an aldehyde. an alkene to a ketone an aromatic hydrocarbon to a linear hydrocarbonarrow_forwardGive the structure of an alkane that fi ts each description. a. an alkane that contains only 1 ° and 4 ° carbons b. a cycloalkane that contains only 2 ° carbons c. an alkane of molecular formula C 6H 14 that contains a 4 ° carbon d. a cycloalkane that contains 2 ° and 3 ° carbonsarrow_forward
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