Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of the given compound is to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC. The naming of organic compound is done in such a way that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing the structural formula from IUPAC are:

• First identify the word root for the given compound.

• The suffix used in the compound like –ane, ene, yne, ol, al and so on.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituent bonded to the carbon chain.

Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  1 functional group in their parent chain and are named by adding suffix –al and –one to the name of the parent alkane.

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 14.5E

The IUPAC name of the given aldehyde is ethanal.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  2

Figure 1

The given compound is aldehyde. The first step in the naming of aldehyde is finding of longest parent chain that contains a carbonyl group. The second step is changing of -e ending of the parent alkane to the suffix -al. The third step is numbering of chain to give the least number to carbonyl carbon, and using the general rules of nomenclature.

The given structure shows the presence of two C's in the chain. Thus, its corresponding alkane is ethane. On this chain, the C=O group is substituted at C1. Therefore, the IUPAC name of this aldehyde is ethanal.

Conclusion

The given aldehyde is ethanal.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of the given compound is to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC. The naming of organic compound is done in such a way that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing the structural formula from IUPAC are:

• First identify the word root for the given compound.

• The suffix used in the compound like –ane, ene, yne, ol, al and so on.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituent bonded to the carbon chain.

Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  3 functional group in their parent chain and are named by adding suffix –al and –one to the name of the parent alkane.

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 14.5E

The IUPAC name of the given aldehyde is 2, 4-dimethylpentanal.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  4

Figure 2

The given compound is aldehyde. The first step in the naming of aldehyde is finding of longest parent chain that contains a carbonyl group. The second step is changing of -e ending of the parent alkane to the suffix -al. The third step is numbering of chain to give the least number to carbonyl carbon, and using the general rules of nomenclature.

The given structure shows the presence of five C's in the longest chain. Thus, its corresponding alkane is pentane. On this chain, the C=O group is substituted at C1. The two methyl groups are substituted at C2 and C4. Therefore, the IUPAC name of this aldehyde is 2, 4-dimethylpentanal.

Conclusion

The given aldehyde is 2, 4-dimethylpentanal.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of the given compound is to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC. The naming of organic compound is done in such a way that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing the structural formula from IUPAC are:

• First identify the word root for the given compound.

• The suffix used in the compound like –ane, ene, yne, ol, al and so on.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituent bonded to the carbon chain.

Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  5 functional group in their parent chain and are named by adding suffix –al and –one to the name of the parent alkane.

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 14.5E

The IUPAC name of the given ketone is 4-methyl-2-pentanone.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  6

Figure 3

The given compound is ketone. The first step in the naming of ketone is finding of longest parent chain that contains a carbonyl group. The second step is changing of -e ending of the parent alkane to the suffix -one. The third step is numbering of chain to give the least number to carbonyl carbon, and using the general rules of nomenclature.

The given structure shows the presence of five C's in the longest chain. Thus, its corresponding alkane is pentane. On this chain, the C=O group is substituted at C2. The methyl group is substituted at C4. Therefore, the IUPAC name of this ketone is 4-methyl-2-pentanone.

Conclusion

The given ketone is 4-methyl-2-pentanone.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of the given compound is to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC. The naming of organic compound is done in such a way that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing the structural formula from IUPAC are:

• First identify the word root for the given compound.

• The suffix used in the compound like –ane, ene, yne, ol, al and so on.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituent bonded to the carbon chain.

Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  7 functional group in their parent chain and are named by adding suffix –al and –one to the name of the parent alkane.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 14.5E

The IUPAC name of the given aldehyde is 3-phenylpentanal.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  8

Figure 4

The given compound is aldehyde. The first step in the naming of aldehyde is finding of longest parent chain that contains a carbonyl group. The second step is changing of -e ending of the parent alkane to the suffix -al. The third step is numbering of chain to give the least number to carbonyl carbon, and using the general rules of nomenclature.

The given structure shows the presence of five C's in the longest chain. Thus, its corresponding alkane is pentane. On this chain, the C=O group is substituted at C1. The phenyl group is substituted at C3. Therefore, the IUPAC name of this aldehyde is 3-phenylpentanal.

Conclusion

The given aldehyde is 3-phenylpentanal.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of the given compound is to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

The systematic naming of organic compound is given by IUPAC. The naming of organic compound is done in such a way that the structure of organic compound is correctly interpreted from the name.

Rules for writing the structural formula from IUPAC are:

• First identify the word root for the given compound.

• The suffix used in the compound like –ane, ene, yne, ol, al and so on.

• Identify the position, location, and number of the substituent bonded to the carbon chain.

Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  9 functional group in their parent chain and are named by adding suffix –al and –one to the name of the parent alkane.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 14.5E

The IUPAC name of the given cyclic ketone is 2-methylcyclopropanone.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 14, Problem 14.5E , additional homework tip  10

Figure 5

The given compound is cyclic ketone. The first step in the naming of ketone is finding of longest parent chain that contains a carbonyl group. The second step is changing of -e ending of the parent alkane to the suffix -one. The third step is numbering of chain to give the least number to carbonyl carbon, and using the general rules of nomenclature.

The given structure shows the presence of three C's in the ring. Thus, its corresponding parent name is cyclopropane. On this ring, the C=O group is substituted at C1. The methyl group is substituted at C2. Therefore, the IUPAC name of this cyclic ketone is 2-methylcyclopropanone.

Conclusion

The given cyclic ketone is 2-methylcyclopropanone.

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry

Ch. 14 - Each of the following names is wrong. Give the...Ch. 14 - Each of the following names is wrong. Give the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.13ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.14ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.15ECh. 14 - Explain why propane boils at 42C, whereas ethanal,...Ch. 14 - Use a dotted line to show hydrogen bonding between...Ch. 14 - Use a dotted line to show hydrogen bonding between...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.19ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.20ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.21ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.22ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.23ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.24ECh. 14 - Label each of the following as acetals, ketals, or...Ch. 14 - Label each of the following as acetals, ketals, or...Ch. 14 - Label each of the following structures as a cyclic...Ch. 14 - Label each of the following structures as a...Ch. 14 - What two functional groups react to form the...Ch. 14 - Hemiacetals are sometimes referred to as potential...Ch. 14 - Complete the following statements: a. Oxidation of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.32ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.33ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.34ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.35ECh. 14 - Not all aldehyde give a positve Bendicts test....Ch. 14 - A stockroom assistant prepares three bottles, each...Ch. 14 - Glucose, the sugar present within the blood, gives...Ch. 14 - Fructose, present with glucose in honey, reacts...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.40ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.41ECh. 14 - Complete the following equations. If no reaction...Ch. 14 - Complete the following equations. If no reaction...Ch. 14 - Describe the products that result when hydrogen...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.45ECh. 14 - Draw structural formulas for the products of the...Ch. 14 - The following compounds are cyclic acetals or...Ch. 14 - The following compounds are cyclic acetals or...Ch. 14 - Write equations to show how the following...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.50ECh. 14 - Identify the most important aldehyde and ketone...Ch. 14 - Using Table 14.3, name an aldehyde or ketone used...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.53ECh. 14 - CH3COH(O)CH3COOHacetaldehydeaceticacid You need to...Ch. 14 - The addition of water to aldehydes and ketones...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.56ECh. 14 - Formaldehyde levels above 0.10mg/1000L of ambient...Ch. 14 - In the IUPAC name for the following ketone, it is...Ch. 14 - Why can formaldehyde (CH2O) be prepared in the...Ch. 14 - Other addition reactions of aldehydes occur....Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.61ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.62ECh. 14 - Vanilla flavoring is either extracted from a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.64ECh. 14 - The use of acetone in laboratory experiments must...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.66ECh. 14 - Prob. 14.67ECh. 14 - Which of the following would be classified as a...
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