Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 11TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Gene regulation consists of many mechanisms that the cell uses to decrease or increase the production of certain gene products. The gene regulation in the bacteria mainly takes place in the level of transcription. In the eukaryotes, the gene regulation takes place in the level of transcription, post transcription, translation, and post translation.
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How will transcription of the E. coli trp (tryptophan) operon be affected by the following manipulations of the leader region of the trp mRNA?(a) Increasing the distance (number of bases) between the leader peptide gene and region 2(b) Increasing the distance between region 2 and region 3(c) Removing region 4(d) Changing several nucleotides in region 3 so that in can base pair with region 4 but not with region 2
The trp operon, found in E. coli, is a group of genes that encode biosynthetic enzymes for the
amino acid tryptophan.
(i)
Draw a schematic diagram showing the components involved in regulation of the
tryptophan operon.
(ii)
How does the regulation of the trp operon differ from the regulation of the lac operon?
Explain.
What would happen to the regulation of the tryptophan operon in bacterial cells that express a mutant form of the tryptophan repressor that (1) cannot bind to DNA, (2) cannot bind tryptophan, or (3) binds to DNA even in the absence of tryptophan?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14.1 - Explain why bacterial and eukaryotic cells have...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 14.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 14.2 - Distinguish among inducible, repressible, and...Ch. 14.2 - Differentiate between positive and negative...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 14.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 14.2 - What structural features does the trp operon share...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3C
Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 14.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 14.3 - Give examples of some of the ways eukaryotic...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 14.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 14.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 14.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 14.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 14.3 - Prob. 5CCh. 14 - The regulation of most bacterial genes occurs at...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Inactive genes tend to be found in (a) highly...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Which of the following is characteristic of genes...Ch. 14 - Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a)...Ch. 14 - A mutation that inactivates the repressor gene of...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is an example of positive...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - PREDICT Compare the types of bacterial genes...Ch. 14 - INTERPRET DATA Develop a simple hypothesis that...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 14 - EVOLUTION LINK Suggest why evolution resulted in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 17TYU
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- The lactose operon in E. coli comprises two structural genes and three regulatory components.a.State the name of each structural gene and describe its function: b.) State the name of each regulatory component and describe its functionarrow_forwardThe trp operon in E. coli is a negative repressible operon. This implies that... a. The trp operon makes use of an activator and can be turned "on" (i.e., is normally "off") b. The trp operon makes use of an activator and can be turned "off" (i.e., is normally "on) c. The trp operon makes use of a repressor and can be turned "on" (i.e., is normally "off") d. The trp operon makes use of a repressor and can be turned "off" (i.e., is normally "on") e. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe lac operon has 4 genes, I, Z, Y and A. For each scenario, tell me the result of the mutation, what would happen if this mutant was in the presence of lactose and why. A) Lac I is mutated/not functional - B) Lac Y is mutated/not functional -arrow_forward
- 1) The UR operon which is composed of sequences A, B, C, and D (which may or may not be genes of regulatory sequences), encodes enzymes 1 and 2. Mutations in sequences A, B, C, and D have the following effects listed in the table below. A plus sign (+) indicates that the enzyme is synthesized and a minus sign (-) indicates that the enzyme is not synthesize. Mutation in UR present UR absent Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 sequence No Mutation + + A + B + + + + C + D A) Is the UR operon inducible or repressible? B) Indicate which sequence (A, B, C, or D) is part of the following components of the operon: a. Regulator gene b. Promoter c. Structural gene for Enzyme 1 d. Structural gene for Enzyme 2arrow_forwardExplain the process of attenuation in the trp operon under the following conditions: (i) No tryptophan (ii) High tryptophan levelsarrow_forwardA constitutive mutation in the lac operon may be of several types. [Note that constitutive means that the structural genes are always expressed, even if lactose is absent.] Name two types of constitutive mutations. Group of answer choices LacY- and LacI- LacOc and LacZ- LacZ- and LacI- LacY- and LacA- LacI- and LacOcarrow_forward
- The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA. You are given a new strain of Escherichia coli with the following lac operon genotype: p+0°Z•Y*A +// P*O*Z*Y+ A- (i) Explain how the lac I gene affects gene expression. (ii) Explain the function of the lacP in the bacterial operon. (iii) Which part of the lac operon is cis-dominant? Explain.arrow_forwardGene expression in bacteria is controlled by the operon model. a) Why is the operon model important? b) Why is the trp operon known as a repressible operon?arrow_forwardWhich option is true when considering the regulation of cAMP and the Lac operon. If bacteria are in a medium containing low glucose, but suddenly glucose concentration in the medium increases by ten times, then we expect that cAMP...... a) Will increase inside the cell. b) Will not increase inside the cell.arrow_forward
- What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon weremutated so it could not bind the operator?(A) irreversible binding of the repressor to the promoter(B) reduced transcription of the operon’s genes(C) buildup of a substrate for the pathway controlled by theoperon(D) continuous transcription of the operon’s genesarrow_forwardFigure 5 shows the lac operon structure in Escherichia coli. a) Name structures P, Q and R. b) Name substance S. c) What is the enzyme encoded by gene I. Give its function. d) What will happen if substance S is absent in the medium?arrow_forwardIn the trp operon, if a mutation occurred in the gene for the repressor so that it could bind to the operator even in the absence of tryptophan____________. a) the inducer cannot bind trpO, so operon gene transcription occurs b) the active repressor cannot bind trpO, so operon gene transcription is attenuated c)the active repressor binds tpO, so operon gene transcription is always repressed d) the repressor binds the corepressor, and operon gene transcription occurs.arrow_forward
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