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Suggest why evolution resulted in multiple levels of gene regulation in multicellular eukaryotes.
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- Describe the unique feature that occurs exclusively in the gene regulation of eukaryotes.A principle of biology is the genetic material provides ablueprint for reproduction. Explain how gene regulation is animportant mechanism for reproduction and sustaining life.Some bacteria might be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division. How might this be accomplished? Do you think there would be an evolutionary advantage of this ability? Explain.
- Speculate as to why eukaryotes have either a) much more complex promoter and enhancer regions than prokaryotes or b) intron exon structure while prokaryotes do not.Compare and contrast Gene Regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotesCreate a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the process of gene expression in Bacteria versus eukaryotes. Remember that “gene expression” can include any part of transcription or translation. Try to be as thorough as you can about what aspects of this process are similar between the two taxa, and what characteristics are distinct to only Bacteria or eukaryotes. Plase include a minimum of 15 items in the Venn diagram.
- Sequence the process of eukaryotic gene regulationComparing DNA sequences in different species indicates that more DNA segments that do not code for protein have been conserved (unchanged) than protein- coding regions. These non-protein-coding regions areinterpreted as gene regulatory elements. Suggest why gene regulatory elements have not undergone many changes during the course of evolution.The mechanisms of transcription and translation are virtually identical in species from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence? * The mechanisms of transcription and translation presently found in living organisms are the only mechanisms that could effectively convert heredity information into protein structures. The mechanisms of transcription and translation are universal processes and therefore suggest a common ancestor for all forms of life. The similarity in these processes in all organisms suggests that convergent evolution has occurred. This evidence does not support a hypothesis because the products of transcription and translation vary widely.
- The mechanisms of transcription and translation are virtually identical in species from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence? * The mechanisms of transcription and translation presently found in living organisms are the only mechanisms that could effectively convert heredity information into protein structures. The mechanisms of transcription and translation are universal processes and therefore suggest a common ancestor for all forms of life. The similarity in these processes in all organisms suggests that convergent evolution has occurred. This evidence does not support a hypothesis because the products of transcription and translation vary widely. One of the prerequisites for chemical evolution on early Earth is that there was an adequate amount of time. This is an important assumption because there had to be enough time for which of the following to occur?*The genomes of most multicellular eukaryotes encode~25,000 genes, yet their proteomes contain over 200,000proteins. Propose two processes that, taken together, account for this discrepancyWhat is the difference between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells in terms of how gene regulation takes place