Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 13.10, Problem 9KCP
(a)
To determine
Define activation polarization and give example.
(b)
To determine
Define concentration polarization and give example.
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Problem 3
An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.35 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-
free atmosphere at 1400 K (1127 °C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts
at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere; that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is
maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what
position will the carbon concentration be 0.15 wt% after a 10-h treatment? The value of D at 1400 K is 6.9 x
10¹¹ m²/s.
Analyze the picture below to discuss activation energy.
Nickel experiences corrosion in an acid solution according to the reaction
Ni + 2H†
→ Ni²+ + H,
(a) The rates of both oxidation and reduction half-reactions are controlled by activation
polarization. Compute the rate of oxidation of Ni (in mol/cm2-s) given the following activation
polarization data:
For Nickel
For Hydrogen
V(H/H,) = 0 V
i, = 6 × 10-7 A/cm²
B = -0.10
V(NINP") = -0.25 V
io
= 10¬8 A/cm²
B = +0.12
(b) Compute the value of the corrosion potential.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 2KCPCh. 13.10 - Which is in a lower energy state: (a) elemental...Ch. 13.10 - Give several examples of environmental...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 6KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 7KCPCh. 13.10 - What is an exchange current density? What is the...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 13KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 14KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 15KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 18KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 13.10 - Describe fretting corrosion.Ch. 13.10 - What is selective leaching of an alloy? Which...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 13.10 - What are Alclad alloys?Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 29AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 30AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 31AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 32AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 33AAPCh. 13.10 - The emf of a standard Ni-Cd galvanic cell is...Ch. 13.10 - What is the emf with respect to the standard...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 36AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 37AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 38AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 39AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 40AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 41AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 42AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 43AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 44AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 45AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 46AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 47AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 48AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 49AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 50AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 51AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 52AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 53AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 54AAPCh. 13.10 - A galvanized (zinc-coaled) steel sheet is found to...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 56AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 57AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 58AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 59AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 60AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 61AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 62AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 63AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 64AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 65AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 66AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 67AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 68AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 69AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 70AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 71AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 72AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 73AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 74AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 75AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 76SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 77SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 78SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 79SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 80SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 81SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 82SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 83SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 84SEPCh. 13.10 - Corrosion is observed at the root of threads on...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 86SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 87SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 88SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 89SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 90SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 91SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 92SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 93SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 94SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 95SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 96SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 97SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 98SEP
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- Problem 2 Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.45 wt% at a position 2 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.20 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.30 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at 1000 °C. Use the diffusion data for y-Fe in Table 5.2.arrow_forwardQuestion 3: : Estimate the corrosion rate (g/cm².s), penetration rate (mm/yr), and Ecorr (V) for a zinc tank containing oxygen free solution (pH =0). Assume the anodic reaction is under activation control and cathodic reactions is under activation and concentration control with the limiting current density for hy- drogen reduction on Zn is 5×10-5 A/cm?. [Zn**] = 1M at 298 K. The atomic weight of zinc is 65.4 g/mol. Density of zinc is 7.13 g/cm³. io, Zn = 1×10-7 A/cm², ßa= 0.09 V/decade io, H= 1×10-10 A/cm?, Bc= -0.08 V/decade icorr = 1.2×10-4 A/cm2arrow_forwardCompare the diffusion coefficients of carbon in BCC and FCC iron at the allotropic transformation temperature of 912°C and explain the reason for the difference in their values.arrow_forward
- why diffusion coefficients of carbon in BCC and FCC in iron at temperature 912 c are difference? explain ?arrow_forwardQuestion: 4 A sheet of copper is exposed to oxygen at 1000°C. After 100 h, 0.245 g of copper are lost per cm' of surface area; after 250 h, 0.385 g/ cm² are lost; and after 500 h, 0.560 g/ em are lost. i. Determine whether oxidation is parabolic, linear, or logarithmic ii. Calculate the time required for a 0.76-cm sheet of copper to be completely oxidized. The sheet of copper is oxidized from both sides.arrow_forwardA 0.015M solution of hydrogen cyanate ,HOCN has a pH of 2.67arrow_forward
- On the bond-force curve below, indicate the equilibrium distance between two atoms.arrow_forwardA mechanism for hardening steel is called carburization. To achieve this process, the piece of steel is exposed to an atmosphere rich in hydrocarbon such as methane (CH4). Consider a steel with a carbide concentration of 0.25wt%, which must be treated at 950˚C. If the carbon concentration at the surface is suddenly increased to 1.20wt%, how long does it take for a penetration of 0.5mm from the surface to reach a concentration of 0.80wt%? . The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m2s-1. Assume that the piece of steel is semi-finite. Use the table below.arrow_forwardQ3/ A- What are the important reactions in( Fe- C) system? B- Calculate the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum ,given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at 500°C is 7.57 x10 m.The atomic weight and density for aluminum are respectively, 26.98g /mol and 2.62 g/em.,Avogadros number ( 6.022x10 atoms/mol ), and Boltzmanns constant (8.62x10 ev /atom.K).?arrow_forward
- What is degree of reaction? Give expressions of reaction rate equations by degree of reaction.arrow_forwardIn MO theory, which has the highest bond order?arrow_forward13. Show that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 4 is 0.225. Hint: Anion (A) Cation ()arrow_forward
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