Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 13.10, Problem 64AAP
To determine
The weight gain after
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Consider de-oxidation by the addition of
ferromanganese (60 percent Mn) to molten
steel at 1600°C.The initial oxygen content is
0.04 wt%. It has to be brought down to 0.02
wt%. Calculate the quantity of
ferromanganese required per tonne of steel.
The manganese content of steel before de-
oxidation is 0.1 wt%.
(MnO) + [Fe] = [Mn] + (FeO)
Given: K Mn at 1873 K = 0.4
K Fe-Mn at 1873 K = 0.156
Assumptions: Fe and Mn form ideal solutions
A mechanism for hardening steel is called carburization. To achieve this process, the piece of steel is exposed to an atmosphere rich in hydrocarbon such as methane (CH4). Consider a steel with a carbide concentration of 0.25wt%, which must be treated at 950˚C. If the carbon concentration at the surface is suddenly increased to 1.20wt%, how long does it take for a penetration of 0.5mm from the surface to reach a concentration of 0.80wt%? . The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m2s-1. Assume that the piece of steel is semi-finite. Use the table below.
•You are case-hardening a tool made of BCC (α) iron in the presence of a carbonaceous material. A heat treatment at 600 oC for 100 minutes results in a carbon concentration of 0.75 wt% at a position 0.5mm below the surface. How long would it take to obtain the same concentration at the same position if the heat treatment were conducted at 900 oC?
x12/D1t1= x22/D2t2
Arrhenius equation: D=D0e^(〖-Qd〗∕RT)
Qd = Activation energy of diffusion
D0 = Pre-exponential diffusion factor
R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K)
Use the Arrhenius equation to calculate D1 and D2.
Calculate the time to satisfy the problem statement.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 2KCPCh. 13.10 - Which is in a lower energy state: (a) elemental...Ch. 13.10 - Give several examples of environmental...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 6KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 7KCPCh. 13.10 - What is an exchange current density? What is the...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 13KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 14KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 15KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 18KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 13.10 - Describe fretting corrosion.Ch. 13.10 - What is selective leaching of an alloy? Which...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 27KCPCh. 13.10 - What are Alclad alloys?Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 29AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 30AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 31AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 32AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 33AAPCh. 13.10 - The emf of a standard Ni-Cd galvanic cell is...Ch. 13.10 - What is the emf with respect to the standard...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 36AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 37AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 38AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 39AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 40AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 41AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 42AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 43AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 44AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 45AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 46AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 47AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 48AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 49AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 50AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 51AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 52AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 53AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 54AAPCh. 13.10 - A galvanized (zinc-coaled) steel sheet is found to...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 56AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 57AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 58AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 59AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 60AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 61AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 62AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 63AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 64AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 65AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 66AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 67AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 68AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 69AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 70AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 71AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 72AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 73AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 74AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 75AAPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 76SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 77SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 78SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 79SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 80SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 81SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 82SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 83SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 84SEPCh. 13.10 - Corrosion is observed at the root of threads on...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 86SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 87SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 88SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 89SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 90SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 91SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 92SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 93SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 94SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 95SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 96SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 97SEPCh. 13.10 - Prob. 98SEP
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- A 1020 steel contains 0.20% carbon is carburized by a source that maintains a surface carbon content 0f 2.0% C. It is desired to produce a 0.80 wt% C concentration 0.1 cm below the steel surface after a 4-hour treatment. At what temperature should the carburization be carried out? R = 8.314 J/mol•K; DO = 2.3x10-5 m2 /s; Qd=148,000 J/mol erf(z) erf(z) erf(z) 0.55 0.5633 1.3 0.9340 0.025 0.05 0.0282 0.60 0.6039 1.4 0.9523 0.0564 0.65 0.6420 1.5 0.9661 0.10 0.1125 0.70 0.6778 1.6 0.9763 0.15 0.1680 0.75 0.7112 1.7 0.9838 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.2227 0.80 0.7421 1.8 0.9891 0.2763 0.85 0.7707 1.9 0.9928 0.3286 0.90 0.7970 2.0 0.9953 0.35 0.3794 0.95 0.8209 2.2 0.9981 0.40 0.4284 1.0 0.8427 2.4 0.9993 0.45 0.4755 1.1 0.8802 2.6 0.9998 0.50 0.5205 1.2 0.9103 2.8 0.9999arrow_forwardProblem 3 An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.35 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon- free atmosphere at 1400 K (1127 °C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere; that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.15 wt% after a 10-h treatment? The value of D at 1400 K is 6.9 x 10¹¹ m²/s.arrow_forwardAn FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.10 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere in which the surface carbon concentration is maintained at 1.10 wt%. If the treatment is conducted at 1050 °C, how long should the treatment be performed to reach a 0.30 wt% of carbon concentration at a position 4.2 mm below the surface?arrow_forward
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