Chapter 13, Problem 41E

a)

To determine

To explain the meaning of statistically significant results.

Answer to Problem 41E

They mean that the difference is higher than they would expect from normal sampling variability.

Explanation of Solution

The meaning of "Significant differences" is that the differences in the scores are too large to be due to chance. Therefore, they mean that the difference is higher than they would expect from normal sampling variability.

b)

To determine

To find the type of study.

Answer to Problem 41E

The prospective observational study.

Explanation of Solution

First need to understand about the experimental study and observational study:

Experimental study: Assigning people or things to groups and applying some treatment to one group, while the other group does not receive the treatment.

Observation study: In an observational study, measure or survey members of a sample without trying to affect them.

There are two types of Observational study:

Retrospective: The data are collected from the past by going back in time.

Prospective: The data are collected in the future.

The researchers identified hospitals in Ontario and tracked admissions to emergency rooms, so prospective observational study is appropriate.

c)

To determine

To explain whether we should wait until Monday to seek medical help.

Answer to Problem 41E

No.

Explanation of Solution

No, because there might be confounding variables that influence the death rate. That is, most of the people are more likely to engage in riskier behaviors on the weekend.

d)

To determine

To explain the suggestions for this troubling finding.

Explanation of Solution

In general, there are some routine works are scheduled during weekdays. Therefore, most serious and life-threatening injuries could be obtained in the weekend.