General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 27E
Explain why (a) some exothermic reactions do not occur spontaneously, end (b) some reactions ii which the entropy of the system increases do not occur spontaneously.
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General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ECh. 13 - Consider a sample of ideal gas initially in a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3ECh. 13 - Prob. 4ECh. 13 - Indicate whether each of the following changes...Ch. 13 - Arrange the entropy changes of the following...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7ECh. 13 - Prob. 8ECh. 13 - Indicate whether entropy increases or decreases in...Ch. 13 - Which substance in each of the following pairs...
Ch. 13 - Without performing any calculations or using data...Ch. 13 - By analogy to tH and tG how would you would you...Ch. 13 - Calculate the entropy change, S , for the...Ch. 13 - Calculate the entropy change, S , for the...Ch. 13 - IN Example 13-3, we dealt with vipH and vipH for...Ch. 13 - Pentane is one of the most volatile of the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 17ECh. 13 - Estimate the normal boiling point of bromine. Br2,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 19ECh. 13 - Refer to Figure 12-28 and equation (13.13) Which...Ch. 13 - Which of the following changes m a thermodynamic...Ch. 13 - If a reaction can be carried out only because of...Ch. 13 - Indicate which of the four cases in Table 13.3...Ch. 13 - Indicate which of the four cases in Table 13....Ch. 13 - For the mixing of ideal gases (see Figure 13-3),...Ch. 13 - In Chapter 14,, we will see that, for the...Ch. 13 - Explain why (a) some exothermic reactions do not...Ch. 13 - Explain why you would expect a reaction of the...Ch. 13 - From the data given in the following table,...Ch. 13 - Use data from Appendix D to determine values of tG...Ch. 13 - At 298 K, for the reaction...Ch. 13 - At 298 K, for the reaction...Ch. 13 - The following tG values are given for 25C ....Ch. 13 - The following tG values are given for 25C ....Ch. 13 - Write an equation for the combustion of one mole...Ch. 13 - Use molar entropies from Appendix D, together with...Ch. 13 - Assess the feasibility of the reaction...Ch. 13 - Prob. 38ECh. 13 - For each of the following reactions, write down...Ch. 13 - H2(g) can be prepared by passing steam over hot...Ch. 13 - In the synthesis of gasesous methanol from carbon...Ch. 13 - Prob. 42ECh. 13 - Use data from Appendix D to determine K at 298 K...Ch. 13 - Use data from Appendix D to establish for the...Ch. 13 - Use data from Appendix D to determine value at 298...Ch. 13 - Prob. 46ECh. 13 - Use thermodynamic data at 298 K to decide in with...Ch. 13 - Use thermodynamic data at 298 K to decide m which...Ch. 13 - For the reaction below, tG=27.07kJmol1 at 298 K....Ch. 13 - For the reaction below, tG=29.05kJmol1 at 298 K....Ch. 13 - For the reaction 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) all but one...Ch. 13 - Prob. 52ECh. 13 - Prob. 53ECh. 13 - For the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO2(g),Kz=2.8102M1...Ch. 13 - Prob. 55ECh. 13 - Prob. 56ECh. 13 - Prob. 57ECh. 13 - Prob. 58ECh. 13 - To establish the law of conservation of mass,...Ch. 13 - Currently, CO2 is being studied as a source of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 61ECh. 13 - A possible reaction for converting methanol to...Ch. 13 - What must be the temperature W the following...Ch. 13 - Prob. 64ECh. 13 - The synthesis of ammonia by the Haber process...Ch. 13 - Use data from Appendix D to determine (a) tH,tS ,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 67ECh. 13 - The blowing equilibrium constants have been...Ch. 13 - For the reaction N 2 O 4 ( g ) 2N O 2 ( g ) , H e...Ch. 13 - Prob. 70ECh. 13 - Prob. 71ECh. 13 - Prob. 72ECh. 13 - Titanium is obtained by the reduction of TiCl4(l)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 74ECh. 13 - Prob. 75ECh. 13 - Prob. 76ECh. 13 - Prob. 77IAECh. 13 - Prob. 78IAECh. 13 - Consider the following hypothetical process in...Ch. 13 - One mole of argon gas, Ar(g), undergoes a change...Ch. 13 - Prob. 81IAECh. 13 - Consider the vaporization of water: H2O(l)H2O(g)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 83IAECh. 13 - Prob. 84IAECh. 13 - The following table shows the enthalpies end Gibbs...Ch. 13 - Prob. 86IAECh. 13 - Prob. 87IAECh. 13 - Prob. 88IAECh. 13 - Prob. 89IAECh. 13 - Prob. 90IAECh. 13 - Prob. 91IAECh. 13 - Prob. 92IAECh. 13 - Prob. 93IAECh. 13 - Prob. 94IAECh. 13 - Prob. 95IAECh. 13 - Use the following data to estimate,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 97IAECh. 13 - Prob. 98IAECh. 13 - Prob. 99IAECh. 13 - Prob. 100FPCh. 13 - The graph shows how shows how tG varies with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 102FPCh. 13 - Prob. 103FPCh. 13 - Prob. 104FPCh. 13 - Prob. 105SAECh. 13 - Briefly describe each of the following ideas,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 107SAECh. 13 - Prob. 108SAECh. 13 - Prob. 109SAECh. 13 - The reaction, 2Cl2O(g)2Cl2(g)+O2(g)tH=161kJ , is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 111SAECh. 13 - Prob. 112SAECh. 13 - Prob. 113SAECh. 13 - Prob. 114SAECh. 13 - Prob. 115SAECh. 13 - Prob. 116SAECh. 13 - Which of the following graphs of Gibbs energy...Ch. 13 - At room temperature and normal atmospheric...
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- For the process A(l) A(g), which direction is favored by changes in energy probability? Positional probability? Explain your answers. If you wanted to favor the process as written, would you raise or lower the temperature of the system? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain in your own words what is meant by the term entropy. Explain how both matter spread and energy spread are related to the concept of entropy.arrow_forwardExplain why the statement No process is 100 efficient is not the best statement of the second law of thermodynamics.arrow_forward
- Would the amount of heat absorbed by the dissolution in Example 5.6 appear greater, lesser, or remain the same if the heat capacity of the calorimeter were taken into account? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is entropy? Why is entropy important?arrow_forwardExplain why absolute entropies can be measured.arrow_forward
- Define the term entropy, and give an example of a sample of matter that has zero entropy. What are the units of entropy? How do they differ from the units of enthalpy?arrow_forwardUse data from Appendix D to calculate the standardentropy change at 25°C for the reaction CH3COOH(g)+NH3(g)CH3NH2(g)+CO2(g)+H2(g) Suppose that 1.00 mol each of solid acetamide, CH3CONH2(s), and water, H2O(l), react to give thesame products. Will the standard entropy change belarger or smaller than that calculated for the reactionin part (a)?arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the formation of hydrogen sulfide from the elements? H2(g)+18S8(s)H2S(g)arrow_forward
- The statement Energycan beneithercreatednor destroyedis sometimes used as an equivalent statement of the first law of thermodynamics. There areinaccuracies to the statement, however. Restate it tomake it less inaccurate.arrow_forwardMany plastic materials are organic polymers that contain carbon and hydrogen. The oxidation of these plastics in air to farm carbon dioxide and water is a spontaneous process; however, plastic materials tend to persist in the environment. Explain.arrow_forwardWhich contains greater entropy, a quantity of frozen benzene or the same quantity of liquid benzene at the same temperature? Explain in terms of the dispersal of energy in the substance.arrow_forward
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