ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337705011
Author: MOAVENI
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 13, Problem 16P
To determine

Convert the given sources data in the Table accompanied for the problems 13.14 to 13.20 in the textbook from Billions of kilowatt-hours to Billions of Btu.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 16P

The given sources data in the Table accompanied for the problems 13.14 to 13.20 in the textbook from Billions of kilowatt-hours to Billions of Btu are tabulated in Table 1.

Explanation of Solution

Given data:

Refer to the problem 13.16 in textbook for the accompanying table.

Formula used:

The value of the 1Btus is,

1Btus=1.055kW (1)

Convert 1 hr into seconds,

1hr=3600s

Rearrange the equation,

1s=13600hr (2)

Calculation:

Substitute equation (2) in equation (1),

1Btu13600hr=1.055kW1Btu=1.0553600kWhr1Btu=2.93×104kWhr

Rearrange the equation for the relation between kWhr to Btu.

1kWhr=12.93×104Btu=3412.96Btu (3)

For coal:

All the following calculations of conversion are in Billions.

Coal for the year 1980 is,

(Coal)1980=1161.562kWhr (4)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (4).

(Coal)1980=1161.562(3412.96Btu)=3964364.6Btu

Coal for the year 1990 is,

(Coal)1990=1594.011kWhr (5)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (5).

(Coal)1990=1594.011(3412.96Btu)=5440295Btu

Coal for the year 2000 is,

(Coal)2000=1966.265kWhr (6)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (6).

(Coal)2000=1966.265(3412.96Btu)=6710783.79Btu

Coal for the year 2005 is,

(Coal)2005=2040.913kWhr (7)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (7).

(Coal)2005=2040.913(3412.96Btu)=6965554.432 Btu

Coal for the year 2010 is,

(Coal)2010=2217.555kWhr (8)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (8).

(Coal)2010=2217.555(3412.96Btu)=7568426.5Btu

Coal for the year 2020 is,

(Coal)2020=2504.786kWhr (9)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (9).

(Coal)2020=2504.786(3412.96Btu)=8548734.42Btu

The coal for the year 2030 is,

(Coal)2030=3380.674kWhr (10)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (10).

(Coal)2030=3380.674(3412.96Btu)=11538105.14Btu

For petroleum:

All the following calculations of conversion are in Billions.

Petroleum for the year 1980 is,

(Petroleum)1980=245.9942kWhr (11)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (11).

(Petroleum)1980=245.9942(3412.96Btu)=839568.36Btu

Petroleum for the year 1990 is,

(Petroleum)1990=126.6211kWhr (12)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (12).

(Petroleum)1990=126.6211(3412.96Btu)=432152.74Btu

Petroleum for the year 2000 is,

(Petroleum)2000=111.221kWhr (13)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (13).

(Petroleum)2000=111.221(3412.96Btu)=379592.82Btu

Petroleum for the year 2005 is,

(Petroleum)2005=115.4264kWhr (14)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (14).

(Petroleum)2005=115.4264(3412.96Btu)=393945.68Btu

Petroleum for the year 2010 is,

(Petroleum)2010=104.8182BkWhr (15)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (15).

(Petroleum)2010=104.8182(3412.96Btu)=357740.32Btu

Petroleum for the year 2020 is,

(Petroleum)2020=106.6799kWhr (16)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (16).

(Petroleum)2020=106.6799(3412.96Btu)=364094.23Btu

Petroleum for the year 2030 is,

(Petroleum)2030=114.6741kWhr (17)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (17).

(Petroleum)2030=114.6741(3412.96Btu)=391378.11Btu

For Natural gas:

All the following calculations of conversion are in Billions.

Natural gas for the year 1980 is,

(Naturalgas)1980=346.2399kWhr (18)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (18).

(Naturalgas)1980=346.2399(3412.96Btu)=1181702.92Btu

Natural gas for the year 1990 is,

(Naturalgas)1990=372.7652BkWhr (19)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (19).

(Naturalgas)1990=372.7652(3412.96Btu)=1272232.71Btu

Natural gas for the year 2000 is,

(Naturalgas)2000=601.0382kWhr (20)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (20).

(Naturalgas)2000=601.0382(3412.96Btu)=2051319.33Btu

Natural gas for the year 2000 is,

(Naturalgas)2005=751.8189kWhr (21)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (21).

(Naturalgas)2005=751.8189(3412.96Btu)=2565927.833Btu

Natural gas for the year 2010 is,

(Naturalgas)2010=773.8234kWhr (22)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (22).

(Naturalgas)2010=773.8234(3412.96Btu)=2641028.31Btu

Natural gas for the year 2020 is,

(Naturalgas)2020=1102.762kWhr (23)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (23).

(Naturalgas)2020=1102.762(3412.96Btu)=3763682.59Btu

Natural gas for the year 2030 is,

(Naturalgas)2030=992.7706BkWhr (24)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (24).

(Naturalgas)2030=992.7706(3412.96Btu)=3388286.34Btu

For Nuclear:

All the following calculations of conversion are in Billions.

Nuclear of the year 1980 is,

(Nuclear)1980=251.1156kWhr (25)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (25).

(Nuclear)1980=251.1156(3412.96Btu)=857047.49Btu

Nuclear of the year 1990 is,

(Nuclear)1990=576.8617kWhr (26)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (26).

(Nuclear)1990=576.8617(3412.96Btu)=1968805.9Btu

Nuclear of the year 2000 is,

(Nuclear)2000=753.8929kWhr (27)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (27).

(Nuclear)2000=753.8929(3412.96Btu)=2573006.31Btu

Nuclear of the year 2005 is,

(Nuclear)2005=774.0726kWhr (28)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (28).

(Nuclear)2005=774.0726(3412.96Btu)=2641878.820Btu

Nuclear of the year 2010 is,

(Nuclear)2010=808.6948kWhr (29)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (29).

(Nuclear)2010=808.6948(3412.96Btu)=2760043Btu

Nuclear of the year 2020 is,

(Nuclear)2020=870.698kWhr (30)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (30).

(Nuclear)2020=870.698(3412.96Btu)=2971657.44Btu

Nuclear of the year 2030 is,

(Nuclear)2030=870.5909kWhr (31)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (31).

(Nuclear)2030=870.5909(3412.96Btu)=2971291.91Btu

For Renewable/Others:

All the following calculations of conversion are in Billions.

Renewable of the year 1980 is,

(Renewable)1980=284.6883kWhr . (32)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (32).

(Renewable)1980=284.6883(3412.96Btu)=971629.78Btu

Renewable of the year 1990 is,

(Renewable)1990=357.2381kWhr (33)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (33).

(Renewable)1990=357.2381(3412.96Btu)=1219239.46Btu

Renewable of the year 2000 is,

(Renewable)2000=356.4786kWhr (34)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (34).

(Renewable)2000=356.4786(3412.96Btu)=1216647.203Btu

Renewable of the year 2005 is,

(Renewable)2005=375.8663kWhr (35)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (35).

(Renewable)2005=375.8663(3412.96Btu)=1282816.647Btu

Renewable of the year 2010 is,

(Renewable)2010=475.7432kWhr (36)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (36).

(Renewable)2010=475.7432(3412.96Btu)=1623692.51Btu

Renewable of the year 2020 is,

(Renewable)2020=515.1523kWhr (37)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (37).

(Renewable)2020=515.1523(3412.96Btu)=1758194.19Btu

Renewable of the year 2030 is,

(Renewable)2030=559.1335kWhr (38)

Substitute 3412.96Btu for 1kWhr in equation (38).

(Renewable)2030=559.1335(3412.96Btu)=1908300.27Btu

Therefore, the conversion from the Billions of kilowatt-hours to Billions of Btu is tabulated in Table 1 as below,

Table 1

YearCoalPetroleumNatural GasNuclearRenewable/Other
19803964364.644839568.3651181702.929857047.498971629.780
19905440295.783432152.7491272232.7171968805.9081219239.346
20006710783.794379592.8242051319.3352573006.3121216647.203
20056965554.432393945.6862565927.8332641878.8211282816.647
20107568426.513357740.3242641028.3112760043.0051623692.512
20208548734.427364094.2323763682.5962971657.4461758194.194
203011538105.135391378.1163388286.3472971291.9181908300.270

Conclusion:

Hence, the conversion for the energy sources from billions kilowatt-hours to billion Btu has been explained.

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