Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 12, Problem 2ILQ
Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/troublewstairs) to read about a woman that notices that her daughter is having trouble walking up the stairs. This leads to the discovery of a hereditary condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. The electromyography and MRI tests indicated deficiencies in the spinal cord and cerebellum, both of which are responsible for controlling coordinated movements. To what functional division of the nervous system would these structures belong?
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Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/troublewstairs) to read about a woman that notices that her daughter is having trouble walking up the stairs. This leads to the discovery of a hereditary condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. The electromyography and MRI tests indicated deficiencies in the spinal cord and cerebellum, both of which are responsible for controlling coordinated movements. To what functional division of the nervous system would these structures belong?
some blanks may be filled with more than one term; some terms may be used more than once, some terms may not be used)
ACh (acetylcholine)
Brainstem
CN I
CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN IX
CN V
CN VI
CN VII
CN VIII
CN X
CN XI
CN XII
Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Ganglionic sympathetic neurons
Lateral horn of spinal cord segments T1-L2
Lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
NE (norepinephrine)
Parasympathetic
Paravertebral ganglia
Parasympathetic autonomic ganglia
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
Pons
Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
Prevertebral ganglia
Spinal cord segment C1-C4
Spinal cord segment C5-T1
Spinal cord segment T1-L2
Spinal cord segment L1-L4
Spinal cord segment L4-S4
Spinal cord segment S2-S4
Somatic motor neurons
Somatic sensory neurons
Sympathetic
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Visceral sensory neurons…
some blanks may be filled with more than one term; some terms may be used more than once, some terms may not be used)
ACh (acetylcholine)
Brainstem
CN I
CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN IX
CN V
CN VI
CN VII
CN VIII
CN X
CN XI
CN XII
Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Ganglionic sympathetic neurons
Lateral horn of spinal cord segments T1-L2
Lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
NE (norepinephrine)
Parasympathetic
Paravertebral ganglia
Parasympathetic autonomic ganglia
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
Pons
Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
Prevertebral ganglia
Spinal cord segment C1-C4
Spinal cord segment C5-T1
Spinal cord segment T1-L2
Spinal cord segment L1-L4
Spinal cord segment L4-S4
Spinal cord segment S2-S4
Somatic motor neurons
Somatic sensory neurons
Sympathetic
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Visceral sensory neurons…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12 - In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - View the University of Michigan Webscope...Ch. 12 - What happens across the membrane of an...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Which of the following cavities contains a...Ch. 12 - Which structure predominates in the white matter...
Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical...Ch. 12 - Which term describes a bundle of axons in the...Ch. 12 - Which functional division of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell provides myelin for the...Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following substances is least able to...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage...Ch. 12 - What two types of macromolecules are the main...Ch. 12 - If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature...Ch. 12 - Which of these locations is where the greatest...Ch. 12 - How long does all the signaling through the...Ch. 12 - What is the target of an upper motor neuron?...Ch. 12 - What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of...Ch. 12 - Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon leaching what...Ch. 12 - What does a ligand-gated channel require in order...Ch. 12 - What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following voltages would most likely...Ch. 12 - Which of the following is probably going to...Ch. 12 - How much of a change in the membrane potential is...Ch. 12 - A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that...Ch. 12 - What neurotransmitter is released at the...Ch. 12 - What type of receptor requires an effector protein...Ch. 12 - Which of the following neurotransmitters is...Ch. 12 - What responses are generated by the nervous system...Ch. 12 - When eating food, what anatomical and functional...Ch. 12 - Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease...Ch. 12 - Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best...Ch. 12 - Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as...Ch. 12 - If a person has a motor disorder and cannot move...Ch. 12 - What does it mean for an action potential to be an...Ch. 12 - The conscious perception of pain is often delayed...Ch. 12 - If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five...Ch. 12 - Why is the receptor the important element...
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- A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits information to hundreds of other neurons. This process is an example of (a) convergence (b) divergence (c) temporal summation (d) spatial summation (e) a graded potentialarrow_forwardsome blanks may be filled with more than one term; some terms may be used more than once, some terms may not be used) ACh (acetylcholine) Brainstem CN I CN II CN III CN IV CN IX CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII CN X CN XI CN XII Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons Ganglionic sympathetic neurons Lateral horn of spinal cord segments T1-L2 Lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4 Medulla oblongata Midbrain NE (norepinephrine) Parasympathetic Paravertebral ganglia Parasympathetic autonomic ganglia Pelvic splanchnic nerve Pons Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons Postganglionic sympathetic neurons Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Preganglionic sympathetic neurons Prevertebral ganglia Spinal cord segment C1-C4 Spinal cord segment C5-T1 Spinal cord segment T1-L2 Spinal cord segment L1-L4 Spinal cord segment L4-S4 Spinal cord segment S2-S4 Somatic motor neurons Somatic sensory neurons Sympathetic Sympathetic chain ganglia Sympathetic trunk ganglia Visceral sensory neurons…arrow_forwardVisit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/NYTmotor) to read about an elderly woman who starts tolose the ability to control fine movements, such as speechand the movement of limbs. Many of the usual causes wereruled out. It was not a stroke, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes,or thyroid dysfunction. The next most obvious cause wasmedication, so her pharmacist had to be consulted. Theside effect of a drug meant to help her sleep had resultedin changes in motor control. What regions of the nervoussystem are likely to be the focus of haloperidol side effects?arrow_forward
- Match the following statements about anatomy to the correct division of the autonomic nervous system. Select "Both" if the statement or effect is true of both divisions. Innervate(s) most major organs of the body. Innervate(s) most blood vessels. Most effector pathways involve two neurons. The vagus cranial nerve carries these fibers. ANSWER OPTIONS: Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, BOTHarrow_forwardSpinal Cord Gray Matter Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. interneurons lateral center gray commissure sensory neurons gray matter posterior anterior The gray matter in the spinal cord is located in the shape resembles a letter H, or a butterfly. The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are primarily housed in the and its horns, which innervate skeletal muscle. The cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are found in the horns and innervate cardiac and smooth muscle, and glands. Left and right masses of are the posterior horns. The axons of located in the and the cell bodies of horns. The of gray matter that surrounds a narrow central canal. are is a horizontal bar Resetarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/motorpathway) to learn more about the descending motorpathway for the somatic nervous system. The autonomicconnections are mentioned, which are covered in anotherchapter. From this brief video, only some of the descendingmotor pathway of the somatic nervous system is described.Which division of the pathway is described and whichdivision is left out?arrow_forward
- The buzzing of the alarm clock woke Carrie. She stretched, yawned, and started to salivate as she smelled the brewing coffee. She could feel her stomach rumble. List the divisions of the nervous system that are involved in each of these actions.arrow_forwardNeurofibromatosis type 1 is a condition where tumours can grow in the nerves near the skin. The growth of tumours prevents the action potentials from quickly travelling through the neurons. Identify the nerve structure from the image below and the division of the nervous system affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. CNS = Central Nervous System PNS = Peripheral Nervous System Select one: a. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 3 PNS b. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 4 CNS c. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 5 PNS d. Nerve Structure Division of Nervous System 1 CNSarrow_forwardClassify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic Nervous System Most ganglia lie close to the spinal cord and form two chains of ganglia-one on each side of the spinal cord Increases intestinal motility and stimulates intestinal secretion Postganglionic axons are generally short Preganglionic axons are generally short Postganglionic axons release NE that binds to adrenergic receptors located on the effectors Decreases heart rate, contractility, and conduction velocity Ganglia lie within, or very close to, innervated organs Decreases intestinal motility and inhibits intestinal secretion Long preganglionic axons release ACh that binds to nicotinic receptors located within the ganglia Neurons leave the CNS from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord Parasympathetic Nervous System Generalized activation is called the fight-or-flight response…arrow_forward
- Following a fracture of cervical vertebra a patient exhibit spastic paralysis on the right upper and lower extremities loss of pain and temperature sensation in the left upper and lower extremities and normal vibration sensors in all extremities. The spinal cord injury most likely involves which of the following?arrow_forwardA bit confused about this question I placed my answer below the question but not sure if the brain is synonymous or not with the peripheral nervous system due to the wording of the question. In the background section the authors wrote “Neurodegenerative disease are progressive conditions that occur through impairment in the function or structure of neurons in the peripheral nervous system or brain [1].’ Based on this quote, is the “or brain” statement synonymous with the peripheral nervous system or is the “or brain” statement in addition to the peripheral nervous system? The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord are part of the peripheral nervous system. The main function of the peripheral nervous system is to transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body making the "or brain" statement synonymous. How do you know that your answer to question 1 is correct?arrow_forwardComplete transection of the spinal cord produces all of the following effects, except :-a- permanent loss of all sensations mediated by the cord below level of lesionb- permanent loss of voluntary movements by muscles innervated by the cord below level of lesionc- permanent loss of reflexes mediated by the cord below level of lesiond- temporary loss of micturition reflexesarrow_forward
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