Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 37CTQ
Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best suited for relaying information directly from one neuron to another? Explain why.
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Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is bestsuited for relaying information directly from one neuron toanother? Explain why.
When a neuron is polarized,.
a) both positive and negative ions are concentrated inside the neural membrane
b)
positive ions are concentrated outside the neural membrane while negative
ions are concentrated inside the membrane
negative ions are concentrated outside the neural membrane while positive
ions are concentrated inside the membrane
d)
both positive and negative ions are concentrated outside the neural
membrane
Fluorescent FM dyes partition reversibly into biological membranes without penetrating through them. Suppose that you have neurons cultured in a dish. You incubate the neurons with an FM dye, and then you wash them with medium to remove the dye.
You find that if the neurons are stimulated to trigger action potentials during incubation with the dye, the synaptic regions of the neurons remain fluorescent after the wash. Can you explain why this effect may have occurred?
Also, after generating fluorescent synaptic regions by this procedure, suppose that you trigger additional action potentials while continuing to wash with medium. Would you expect the synaptic regions to lose fluorescence?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12 - In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - View the University of Michigan Webscope...Ch. 12 - What happens across the membrane of an...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Which of the following cavities contains a...Ch. 12 - Which structure predominates in the white matter...
Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical...Ch. 12 - Which term describes a bundle of axons in the...Ch. 12 - Which functional division of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell provides myelin for the...Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following substances is least able to...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage...Ch. 12 - What two types of macromolecules are the main...Ch. 12 - If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature...Ch. 12 - Which of these locations is where the greatest...Ch. 12 - How long does all the signaling through the...Ch. 12 - What is the target of an upper motor neuron?...Ch. 12 - What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of...Ch. 12 - Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon leaching what...Ch. 12 - What does a ligand-gated channel require in order...Ch. 12 - What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following voltages would most likely...Ch. 12 - Which of the following is probably going to...Ch. 12 - How much of a change in the membrane potential is...Ch. 12 - A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that...Ch. 12 - What neurotransmitter is released at the...Ch. 12 - What type of receptor requires an effector protein...Ch. 12 - Which of the following neurotransmitters is...Ch. 12 - What responses are generated by the nervous system...Ch. 12 - When eating food, what anatomical and functional...Ch. 12 - Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease...Ch. 12 - Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best...Ch. 12 - Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as...Ch. 12 - If a person has a motor disorder and cannot move...Ch. 12 - What does it mean for an action potential to be an...Ch. 12 - The conscious perception of pain is often delayed...Ch. 12 - If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five...Ch. 12 - Why is the receptor the important element...
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- What is the minimum amount of time that a neuron requires to receive and send a signal? In seconds.arrow_forwardWhich part of the neuron is responsible for the analysis of data after the signal is received?arrow_forwardImagine a neuron that has a thousand axonal terminals synapsing on it. The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be "firing." However, the neuron in question does not fire an action potential. What could be a possible explanation as to why this could be?arrow_forward
- Suppose you inactivated a neuron’s Na/K exchange pumps (the active transporters), then immediately stimulated the neuron. i) Would the action potential fail to occur or be different from usual? Briefly explain. ii) Would repolarization fail to occur or be different from usual? Explain briefly. iii) Would the cell’s ability to respond to a second stimulus be changed? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardMultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. What type of cell would be the most likely target of this disease? Why? Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best suited for relaying information directly from one neuron to another? Explain why. Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “afferent.” Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “efferent.” What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?arrow_forwardWhich of the following choices correctly fills in the blanks? After repolarization, the sodium ions are found _____A_______ the neuron and the potassium ions are found ______B_____ of the neuron. This reversal of ions can be fixed by the action of ____________C______________. ____D____ sodium ions are taken out and ___E____ potassium ions are brought in. a. A B C D E outside inside Na+/K+ exchange pump two three b. A B C D E outside inside voltage gated channels two three c. A B C D E inside outside Na+/K+ exchange pump three two d. A B C D E inside outside voltage gated channels three twoarrow_forward
- Fluorescent FM dyes partition reversibly into biological membranes without penetrating through them. Suppose that you have neurons cultured in a dish, and you incubate them with an FM dye for a period of time before washing the cells with excess medium to remove the dye. a) You find that if you stimulate the neurons to trigger action potentials during incubation with the dye, the synaptic regions of the neurons remain fluorescent after the wash. Propose an explanation for this effect. b) After you have generated fluorescent synaptic regions by this procedure, suppose that you trigger further action potentials while continuing to wash with excess medium. Would you expect the synaptic regions to lose fluorescence? Explain.arrow_forwardIdentify and label the following structures on the neuron model figure below: cell body, dendrites, neuron nucleus, neurolemma, axon hillock, nucleus of Schwann cell, Nissl bodies, myelin sheath, axon, node of Ranvier, axon terminals (of neurons synapsing with model neuron), endoneurium (refer to Figure 10.6). 3) 11arrow_forwardDuring the refractory period a) if a neuron reaches threshold the action potential goes to completion b) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential c) It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus d) The signal grows weaker with distance e) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to thresholdarrow_forward
- Using the neurons below, how can you decrease the connection strength (amplitude of EPSP) onto the test cell below? You can only change the properties of the blue neuron. How could you change the properties of the blue neuron to increase the connection strength onto the test cell? What type of plasticity is this? Now, briefly explain how the properties of synaptic plasticity could result in “learned” behaviors such as stopping at a stop sign while driving.arrow_forwardIn what way does the interior surface of the cell membrane of a resting (non-conducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is: positively charged and contains less sodium. negatively charged and contains less sodium. negatively charged and contains less potassium positively charged and contains more sodium.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleftarrow_forward
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