Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 25RQ
What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open?
- increase in concentration of Na+ ions
- binding of a neuro transmitter
- increase in concentration of K+ ions
- depolarization of the membrane
Expert Solution & Answer
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Students have asked these similar questions
Classify each phrase as describing ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, or both.
Ligand-gated ion channels
a form of passive transport
Voltage-gated ion channels
include the acetylcholine receptor
change conformation in response to changing membrane potential
Answer Bank
may participate in an action potential
Both
change conformation in response to a signal molecule binding
Which of the following statements best describes the features of voltage-gated K+ channels?
They consist of 4 subunits, are activated at the same time as voltage-gated Na+ channels, but do not inactivate.
They consist of 4 subunits, are activated by depolarisation and close slowly during the refractory period.
They have 24 membrane spanning alpha helices, 4 of which have positively charged amino acids which promote a conformational change in the channel following depolarisation.
They consist of 4 subunits and are open at rest which causes the resting membrane potential to be close to the K+ equilibrium potential.
Binding of
molecules elicits a
conformational change that
allows the entry of
resulting in the
depolarization of the effector
cell.
O Ach, Cat
O2 Ach, Na+
O Ach, Na+
O2 Ach, Cat
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12 - In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - View the University of Michigan Webscope...Ch. 12 - What happens across the membrane of an...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Which of the following cavities contains a...Ch. 12 - Which structure predominates in the white matter...
Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical...Ch. 12 - Which term describes a bundle of axons in the...Ch. 12 - Which functional division of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell provides myelin for the...Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following substances is least able to...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage...Ch. 12 - What two types of macromolecules are the main...Ch. 12 - If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature...Ch. 12 - Which of these locations is where the greatest...Ch. 12 - How long does all the signaling through the...Ch. 12 - What is the target of an upper motor neuron?...Ch. 12 - What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of...Ch. 12 - Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon leaching what...Ch. 12 - What does a ligand-gated channel require in order...Ch. 12 - What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following voltages would most likely...Ch. 12 - Which of the following is probably going to...Ch. 12 - How much of a change in the membrane potential is...Ch. 12 - A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that...Ch. 12 - What neurotransmitter is released at the...Ch. 12 - What type of receptor requires an effector protein...Ch. 12 - Which of the following neurotransmitters is...Ch. 12 - What responses are generated by the nervous system...Ch. 12 - When eating food, what anatomical and functional...Ch. 12 - Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease...Ch. 12 - Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best...Ch. 12 - Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as...Ch. 12 - If a person has a motor disorder and cannot move...Ch. 12 - What does it mean for an action potential to be an...Ch. 12 - The conscious perception of pain is often delayed...Ch. 12 - If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five...Ch. 12 - Why is the receptor the important element...
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardPlace the following events in chronological order from 1-8: Nat enters the cell, and depolarization occurs to approximately +30 mV. The voltage across the cell membrane is -70 mV, the resting membrane potential. Upon reaching the peak of the action potential, the VG Nat channels are inactivated by the closing of their inactivation gate and the activation gate of each VG K channel opens. VG K channels close by the closing of their activation gate, and the resting membrane potential is gradually restored. An excitatory post-synaptic potential depolarizes the membrane to threshold and the activation gate of VG Nat channels open. Upon returning to the resting membrane potential, VG Na channels are reset by opening of the inactivation gate and the closing of the activation gate. VG K+ channels are slow to close, resulting in an excess of K* efflux and hyperpolarization. Depolarization occurs as K+ flows out of the cell.arrow_forwardGraded (Local) Potentials All or none Do not reach threshold Change in RMP Size depends on size of stimulus Chemically or mechanically gated channels Decreases in intensity Found in axon Found in dendrites Involve gated channels Involve K+ diffusion Involve Na+ diffusion Self-propagating Has a threshold Action Potentials Voltage gated channels Local signaling Long distance signalingarrow_forward
- Which ion channel is open at phase K? +30 M N K -55 L -70 Time Voltage-gated ion channel specific to sodium ions Voltage-gated ion channel specific to potassium ions Ligand-gated ion channel specific to sodium ions Ligand-gated ion channel specific to potassium ions Membrane potential (mV)arrow_forwardWhich of the following ion channels are always electrosensitive? stress-activated channels ligand-gated channels with extracellular ligands voltage-gated channels ligand-gated channels with intracellular ligands all of the abovearrow_forwardPatch clamping is a technique to record the electrical potential or to measure currents generated by ions moving across the cell membrane. The figure shows the patch clamp records of a neurone before (control) and after treatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX) from pufferfish. TTX most like binds to and blocks Control inward current 50 pA 5 ms TTX voltage-gated sodium channels voltage-gated chloride channels sodium potassium pumps nicotinic acetylcholine receptors alpha adrenergic receptors muscarinic acetylcholine receptors beta adrenergic receptorsarrow_forward
- Channel labels Voltage-gated K* channels Voltage-gated Na+ channels Ligand-gated Na+ channels Voltage-gated K* channels lon movement labels K+ exits cell Na+ enters cell K+ exits cell Na+ enters cell Graded potential Depolarization (EPSP) +30 mV -70 Time (msec) +30 mV -70 Depolarization Action potential Time (msec) +30 mV -70 Repolarization Time (msec) +30 mV Hyperpolarization Overshoot -70 Time (msec)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an excitatory ligand-gated ion channel? NACHR AMPAR ASIC GABA-ARarrow_forwardBased on our discussions for different members of the K+ channel family (which include Kv, KCa, HCN/CNG, Kir, and K2P), which of the following can bind to K+ channels, enhancing activation? Ca++/calmodulin Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) PIP2 All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about voltage gated channels is true? Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a higher (more positive) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a lower (more negative) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Sodium- and postassium-gated channels open at about the same membrane potential, but they have different effects because there are different numbers of the two kinds of channels in neuron cell membranesarrow_forwardAssume the membrane is only permeable to Na+ and K+, the electrical model of axon membrane is the following: Outside A INa gna ENa Ex D Inside The membrane potential at rest and at peak is -70mV and 45mV respectively; the potential of Sodium ion is 60mV and the potential of Potassium ion is -80mV. Find the ratio 9Na at rest and at peak. gKarrow_forwardFill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative concentration of K and Na 2. The relative voltage across the membrane 3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA 4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed) 5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de- polarization Outside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Outside 1 Outside Inside Insidearrow_forward
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