Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 31RQ
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
- norepinephrine
- serotonin
- dopamine
- acetylcholine
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Students have asked these similar questions
If depolarization occurs at the neuromuscular junction and threshold is met, then
voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal will open.
voltage-gated acetylcholine receptors will open.
acetylcholine receptors will open and close.
ligand-gated channels will open nearby.
voltage-gated sodium and voltage-gated potassium channels will open nearby.
Neurotransmitters, the chemicals used in signaling across synapses, can be either re-absorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron OR hydrolyzed after release by enzymes. Acetylcholine (ACh), the neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions, is broken down by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and then its component parts are re-absorbed.
Sarin gas is an extremely dangerous neurotoxin that has been utilized in terrorism and chemical warfare. It is known as a "nerve gas" because it blocks AChE. Based on your understanding of the neuromuscular junction and hydrolitic enzymes, hypothesize how sarin gas le
ads to paralysis and nerve damage in the people to whom it is exposed.
Which of the following statements about action potentials and information transmission in the synaptic cleft is FALSE?
1. Action potentials determine the amount of neurotransmitters that are released into the synaptic cleft
2.Action potentials ultimately result in more calcium leaving the target cell at the postsynaptic membrane
3. Action potentials determine the duration that neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft
4. Action potentials ultimately result in more calcium entering the neuron at the axon terminal
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 12 - In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - View the University of Michigan Webscope...Ch. 12 - What happens across the membrane of an...Ch. 12 - Visit this site...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Watch this video...Ch. 12 - Which of the following cavities contains a...Ch. 12 - Which structure predominates in the white matter...
Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical...Ch. 12 - Which term describes a bundle of axons in the...Ch. 12 - Which functional division of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell provides myelin for the...Ch. 12 - Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following substances is least able to...Ch. 12 - What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage...Ch. 12 - What two types of macromolecules are the main...Ch. 12 - If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature...Ch. 12 - Which of these locations is where the greatest...Ch. 12 - How long does all the signaling through the...Ch. 12 - What is the target of an upper motor neuron?...Ch. 12 - What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of...Ch. 12 - Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon leaching what...Ch. 12 - What does a ligand-gated channel require in order...Ch. 12 - What does a mechanically gated channel respond to?...Ch. 12 - Which of the following voltages would most likely...Ch. 12 - Which of the following is probably going to...Ch. 12 - How much of a change in the membrane potential is...Ch. 12 - A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that...Ch. 12 - What neurotransmitter is released at the...Ch. 12 - What type of receptor requires an effector protein...Ch. 12 - Which of the following neurotransmitters is...Ch. 12 - What responses are generated by the nervous system...Ch. 12 - When eating food, what anatomical and functional...Ch. 12 - Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease...Ch. 12 - Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best...Ch. 12 - Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as...Ch. 12 - If a person has a motor disorder and cannot move...Ch. 12 - What does it mean for an action potential to be an...Ch. 12 - The conscious perception of pain is often delayed...Ch. 12 - If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five...Ch. 12 - Why is the receptor the important element...
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- A _______________ is a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmis- sion of nerve stimuli to the muscles. neuromuscular blocker skeletal muscle relaxantarrow_forwardwhich way does the neurotransmitter NO movearrow_forwardWhich very specific synapse will produce the fastest propagation of an action potential? axosomatic synapse spine synapse axodendritic synapse spinosomatic shaft synapsearrow_forward
- Which of the following pairs of terms is correctly matched? Voltage-gated calcium channels : presynaptic cell membrane EPP : action potential Acetylcholinesterase : presynaptic cell membrane Achetylcholine exocytosis : motor end platearrow_forwardIdentify the excitatory neurotransmitter which opens sodium ion channels. gamma amino butyric acid acetylcholine tubocurarine strychnine glycinearrow_forwardIn a combination of excitatory or inhibitory synaptic connections the following is true it is poorly exemplified by the stretch reflex during a knee jerk in the stretch reflex circuit the biceps or flexor muscle gets activated in the stretch reflex circuit the quadriceps or extensor muscle gets activated an inhibitory interneuron inhibits the flexor motor neuron an inhibitory interneuron inhibits the extensor motor neuron motor neuronarrow_forward
- How do ACh neurotransmitters cause the “second action potential” as shown in this diagram?arrow_forwardSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by poisoning blocks neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction because (a) ACh is no longer released by the presynaptic terminal, (b) ACh synthesis in the presynaptic terminal is blocked, (c) ACh is not degraded, hence prolonged depolarization is enforced onthe postsynaptic cell, (d) ACh is blocked from attaching to the postsynaptic ACh receptors.arrow_forwardCurare is a dangerous poison extract from plants that can block the binding site of Acetylcholine receptor channels in neuromuscular junctions. Which of the following molecular events will curare directly inhibit or prevent from occurring? Action potential traveling down the sarcoplasmic reticulum End-plate potential forming Release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Release of Acetylcholine from axon terminalsarrow_forward
- Which of the following structures has activity like acetylcholine? HyC H-C HC NMeg NMey D]arrow_forwardIncreasing the amount of action potentials that arrive at the presynaptic terminal will: (Can pick more than one) Increase the number of vesicles that fuse with the presynaptic membrane Increase the amount of depolarization in the terminal Increase the amount of neurotransmitter released. Increase the amount of Ca2+ that enters the presynaptic terminal.arrow_forwardwhere are the locations you can these neurotransmitters: Norepinephrine Epinephrine Serotonin Glutamate Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Acetylcholinearrow_forward
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