Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 41, Problem 6TYU
A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits information to hundreds of other neurons. This process is an example of (a) convergence (b) divergence (c) temporal summation (d) spatial summation (e) a graded potential
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Both electrical and chemical synapses trigger passage of ions across the post-synaptic membrane. (i) Which one of these
synapses also allows passage of molecules other than ions across the post-synaptic membrane? (ii) What purpose does an
electrical synapse serve?
A. Electrical synapse; (ii) dissociate neuronal firing among a group of neurons
B. Chemical synapse, (ii) to synthesize IP3
C. (i) Chemical synapse, (ii) slow neurotransmission
D. Chemical synapse, (ii) silence neuronal firing
O E. (i) Electrical synapse, (ii) fast neurotransmission for synchronized firing
Neurons are highly specialized cells whose form matches their function. They
are highly elongated cells that conduct [Select ]
a. ["electrical",
b. "chemical"]
signals across large distances, and [ Select ]
["chemical",
b. "electrical"]
a.
signals across tiny spaces between neurons called [ Select ]
a. ["hillocks", b. "Summations", c. "synapses"]
. Neurons use vast amounts of energy to maintain the [Select]
a. ["polarization",
b."resting membrane potential",
c. "action potential
through the actions of [ Select ]
a. ["sodium-potassium pumps", b."voltage-gated sodium channels",
c."voltage-gated potassium channels"]
. In doing so both sodium and potassium are trafficked against their concentration
gradients leading to high concentrations of sodium [Select ]
a. ["inside" ,
b. "outside"]
the cell, and high concentrations of potassium [ Select ]
When expert pianists listen to familiar, well-practiced music, they imagine the finger movements, and the finger area of their motor cortex becomes active, even if they are not moving their fingers (Haueisen & Knösche, 2001). If we regard those neurons as another kind of mirror neuron, what do these results imply about the origin of mirror neurons?
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 41.1 - Describe the processes involved in neural...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Draw and label a typical neuron and give the...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 41.3 - Prob. 5LO
Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 7LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.4 - How are EPSPs produced? IPSPs?Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 41.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 41.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 41 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 41 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 41 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 41 - Saltatory conduction (a) requires more energy than...Ch. 41 - Receptors for serotonin and many other...Ch. 41 - A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits...Ch. 41 - VISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each...Ch. 41 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 13TYU
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- How is the choice of neurochemical to be released at a synapse determined? A) We don't have enough information to draw conclusions about how this process occurs. B) The postsynaptic structure signals its "choice" to the presynaptic structure. C) The presynaptic structure begins to release its neurochemical onto postsynaptic structures, which adapt by producing the appropriate receptors. D) The "choice" is determined by the genes of both the pre- and postsynaptic cells.arrow_forwardYou identify a new neuron in the fruit fly's brain and find it contains acetylcholine. 1) Based on this identification, this neuron is (a) Excitatory, (b) Inhibitory, (c) Neither excitatory nor inhibitory, or (d) Either excitatory or inhibitory 2) Briefly explain your answer above. 3) How would you figure out your answer above? Briefly describe an experiment you would do. Edit Format Tablearrow_forwardCell bodies of UMN that synapse on LMN lie in all of these areas EXCEPT a) Medulla b) Thalamus c) Pre-motor cortex d) Pons e) Primary motor cortexarrow_forward
- Saltatory conduction is a term applied to the "jumping" movement of action potentials Multiple Choice a) along the postsynaptic membrane from dendrite to axon hillock. b) along myelinated axons. c) from one neuron to another. d) in two directions at the same time. e) across electrical synapses.arrow_forward72) Assume we can record spatially related neural activity from the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of human. You are on vacation in London and have a map to find the Tower of London (you also do not have a smartphone). a) What spatially related activity would you see in the entorhinal cortex as you are walking around London with your map with Cartesian coordinates? (1-2 sentences. b) What activity pattern would you see in the hippocampus as you were moving toward your destination? (1-2 sentences.arrow_forwardCompare the following:(a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)(b) Resting potential and action potential(c) Choroid and retinaarrow_forward
- Which statement is true regarding the neuron synapse? B) binging of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic neuron membrane can generate an action potential in that neuron C) the binding of a neurotransmitter always causes an excitatory effect on that cell, never inhibitory D) the presynaptic and pastsynaptic neuron membranes are not physically separatedarrow_forwardA synapse between a terminal bouton and a neuron cell body is classified as (a) axodendritic, (b) axoaxonic, (c) axosomatic, (d) axoneuronic.arrow_forwardLet’s examine a neural pathway that involved three (3) neurons in sequence: one propagates an action potential from threshold stimulus of receptor to spinal cord; second propagates action potential superiorly to brain stem; and third propagates action potential from brain stem to part of cerebral cortex involved in perceiving the stimulus. Which of the following is correct classification of these neurons: a. all three are presynaptic b. first is presynaptic, other two are postsynaptic c. first and second are presynaptic, third is postsynaptic d. first and second are presynaptic, second and third are postsynaptic e. all three are postsynapticarrow_forward
- During the refractory period a) if a neuron reaches threshold the action potential goes to completion b) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential c) It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus d) The signal grows weaker with distance e) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to thresholdarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning synapses is FALSE? O A) Modulation of synaptic strength can be presynaptic of postsynaptic B) High frequency stimulation in the presynaptic neuron often leads to DECREASED neurotransmitter release O C) Modulation of synaptic strength can either be short term, lasting seconds, or long term, lasting as long as a lifetime. D) Agonists are drugs that mimic neurotransmitters and antagonists are drugs that block the action of neurotransmitters O E) Certain drugs prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitter from the synapsearrow_forwardYou are in the library and just found a place in the reading room. You settle down to study when you get a call and must step outside the library to take the call. After finishing the call you are going back to the reading room and your brain helps you navigate to the location in the library that you chose for yourself. Which one(s) of the following is/are correct? * A.1) The basic neural code involved here is the pattern of neuronal firing rate and its match with the stored pattern in your brain A.2) Your exact spatial locus from different spatial boundaries would be indicated by boundary detecting cells (neurons) A.3) The basic neural code involved here is the pattern of neuronal firing rate and its mismatch with the stored pattern in your brain A.4) Boundary detecting neurons would indicate your outbound path A.5) The place cells (neurons) would index your current position in the…arrow_forward
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