SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 11, Problem 8RAC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The cells tend to have different concentration of ions in the cytoplasm as compared to the extracellular fluid present outside the cell. This difference in ion concentration facilitates the proper functioning of electrically excitable cells.
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Let’s say that the intracellular tonicity is 300 mosm. Checkmark the correct response to what would happen to the cell when it is placed in the following solutions prepared from sucrose (impermeable), NaCl (impermeable), and urea (permeable).
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100 mM sucrose
200 mM NaCl
300 mM urea
300 mM NaCl
100 mM sucrose + 100 mM NaCl
100 mM urea
Please ASAP. Thanku
Ion
Extracellular Concentration (mM)
Intracellular Concentration (mM)
Na+
440
50
K+
20
400
Cl-
560
52
Ca++
10
1
If one increased the extracellular concentration of K+, what would happen to the membrane potential?
Cannot predict
becomes more negative
No change
becomes more positive
If sodium permeability were to increase compared to normal what would be the resulting effect on the membrane potential
1.The charge on the inside of the cell becomes less negative compared to resting conditions and hyperpolarizes
2.The charge on the inside of the cell becomes more negative compared to resting conditions and hyperpolarizes
3.The charge on the inside of the cell becomes less negative compared to resting conditions and depolarizes
4.The charge on the inside of the cell becomes more negative compared to resting conditions and depolarizes
Chapter 11 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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- The resting membrane potential in neurons is described as an electrochemical gradient. You have described how the chemical gradient is created. Now, describe how the electrical gradient is established. The inside of the cell has a net [Select] charge due to the presence of [Select] Due to the charge inside the cell, the exit of [Select] 3 4 [Select] 5 [Select] 1 2 ✓down its chemical gradient is because it is by the charge in the cell. Options for each number: 1 - positive or negative 2 - Na+, K+, negatively-charged proteins and ions like Cl-, the greater concentration of Na+ outside the cell than K+ inside the cell, or the hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer 3 - Na + or K+ 4 - slow, sped up, or not changed 5 - attracted, repelled, or not affectedarrow_forwardWhich ion channel is open at phase K? +30 M N K -55 L -70 Time Voltage-gated ion channel specific to sodium ions Voltage-gated ion channel specific to potassium ions Ligand-gated ion channel specific to sodium ions Ligand-gated ion channel specific to potassium ions Membrane potential (mV)arrow_forwardPlease ASAP. Thank you Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400 Cl- 560 52 Ca++ 10 1 If the resting membrane potential is -65, give the direction of the flow of Na+, Ca++, K+, and Cl- ion? Na and Cl flows inside, K and Ca flows outside K and Ca flows inside, Na and Cl flows outside Na and K flows inside, Ca and Cl flows outside Na and Ca flows inside, K and Cl flows outsidearrow_forward
- A resting cell's membrane is more permeable to K+ simply because: K has a higher atomic number than Na. The Na+/K+ ATPase only works in response to a stimulus. There are more voltage-gated K+ channels than voltage-gated Na+ channels in the cell membrane. There are more K+ leaky channels than Na+ leaky channels in the cell membrane.arrow_forwardWhen the net charge on either side of the plasma membrane is zero, what else is true? There is an equal number of K+ ions on each side of the plasma membrane. The K+ leak channels are open. The electrochemical potential across the membrane is zero. The resting membrane potential is between -20 mV and -200 mV.arrow_forwardWhich of the following intracellular potentials would have the greatest electrical attraction for Na+ to enter the cell? -70mV Ⓒ) -100mV -50mV OmV +20mVarrow_forward
- Please ASAP. Thank you What is the effect of membrane potentials on the movement of ions across a cell? use the following Nernst potential values:Sodium=+67mV; Potassium=-98mV; Calcium=+129mV; and chloride=-90mVarrow_forwardif an object b has a plasma sodium concentration of 135mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 4mOsm/L. It also has a plasma concentration of potassium of 20mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 200mOsm/L. studies identify that the cells have a permeability to potassium that is 10 times greater than sodium. What is the resting membrane potentialarrow_forwardThe resting potential of most cells is most dependent concentration gradient of: on the transmembrane Chloride Sodium Potassium Calciumarrow_forward
- Membrane potential in cells is constantly fluctuating. These fluctuations are called graded potentials and we will learn more about them in future lectures. Look at the fluctuating graded potential in the graph as an example. If Cl- generally has a relatively low membrane permeability, how would increasing Cl- permeability affect this graph?arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential is a negative value because of:arrow_forwardWhy are the Na+ / K+ pumps needed? Select all that are true These pumps contribute to the potential difference across the plasma membrane The movement of ions produces the necessary metabolic energy required of all cells The extrusion of Na+ is required for osmotic reasons, to prevent the undue osmosis of water into cells The pumps are the only means by which ions are able to move from one side of the membrane to the other The sleep Na+ gradient produces by the pumps is needed for secondary active transport.arrow_forward
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