SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 11, Problem 15RAC
Which of these statements about ion movement through the plasma membrane is true?
a. Movement of Na+ out of the cell requires energy (ATP).
b. When Ca2+ hinds to proteins in ion channels, the diffusion of Na+ into the cell is inhibited.
c. specific ion channels regulate the diffusion of Na+ through the plasma membrane.
d. All of these are true.
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The resting membrane potential of a cell is the consequence of which of the
following concentrations of ions?
A. High K* and Cl- outside the cell and high Na* and large anions inside the
cell.
B. High K* and Na* outside the cell and high Cl- and large anions inside the
cell.
C. High Cl- and Nat outside the cell and high K* and large cations inside the
cell.
D. High Ca2+ and Nat outside the cell and high K* and large cations inside the
cell.
In nerve cells, sodium-potassium pumps exchange two K^++start superscript, plus, end superscript for three Na^++start superscript, plus, end superscript across the cell membrane. What is the primary purpose of this exchange?
a.To increase the concentration of K+ outside the cell
b.To increase the concentration of K+ outside the cell
c.To propagate an action potential
d.To increase the concentration of Na+ inside the cell
Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP:
1. The relative concentration of K and Na
2. The relative voltage across the membrane
3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA
4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed)
5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de-
polarization
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Chapter 11 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The figure below may help in answering some of the questions. 1. What ions are flowing (and in which direction) both during the rising phase and the falling phase of the action potential? 2. What are the values of both the 'y' (vertical) axis and the 'x' (horizontal) axis. 3. If extracellular levels of K+ rose (a condition called hyperkalemia), how would that affect the resting membrane potential? 3arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential results fromA. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only.B. differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ onlyC. activity of the sodium/potassium pump only.D. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane, differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+, and sodium/potassium pump activityarrow_forwardWhich properties are characteristic of ion channels?a. They are usually lipids.b. They exist on one side of the plasma membrane, usually the intracellular side.c. They can open and close depending on the presence of any of three types of “gates.”d. They permit movement of ions against electrochemical gradients.e. They mediate facilitated diffusion.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about "leak channels" in the plasma mem- brane is correct? A. Proteins that form these channels bind to solutes to allow them to pass into the cell. B. They are passageways formed by proteins to allow water and ions to move passively through the membrane. C. They allow small ions and molecules to move between adjacent cells. D. They are formed by glycoprotein and proteoglycans to allow hormones to enter cells.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements about ion movement through the plasmamembrane is true?a. Movement of Na+ out of the cell requires energy (ATP).b. When Ca2+binds to proteins in ion channels, the diffusion of Na+into the cell is inhibited.c. Specific ion channels regulate the diffusion of Na+ through theplasma membrane.d. All of these are truearrow_forwardDescribe the mechanism through which a potassium channel can selectively move K* ions across a membrane while preventing the movement of smaller Na* ions.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about membrane ion channels is incorrect? a. mechanically gated channels respond to physical deformation b. ligand-gated channels respond to neurotransmitters c. voltage-gated channels respond to changes in membrane potential d. leakage channels have gates and are always open e. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhat do neurons use to expel sodium into the extracellular space in order to maintain a strong gradient across the membrane? O a. Voltage-gated sodium channels O b. Voltage-gated potassium channels O c. AMPA receptors o d. Sodium/potassium pumps O e. Neurotransmitter transporters O f. Axoplasmic transportarrow_forwardChoose the correct answer: A) When the voltage gated K+ channels open K+ moves down its concentration gradient from the ECF to inside the cell. O B) The value for resting membrane potential is closer to the EK+ (Equilibrium potential for K+) than the ENa+ O C) When the membrane potential is at rest the membrane is more permeable to Na+ than it is to K+ O D) Closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channels increases the permeability of the membrane to Na+arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is false regarding the directions that forces of the eletrochemical gradient are pointing for each ion. Assume the membrane of the neuron is at rest. A. For chloride ions the electrostatic and diffusion forces are pointing in opposite directions. B For sodium ions the eletrostatic and diffusion forces are pointing in the same direction. C. For potassium ions the eletrostatic and diffusion forces are pointing in opposite directions. D. All options choices are TRUE regarding the forces of the electrochemical gradient on each ion. E. For calcium ions the electrostatic and diffusion forces are pointing in opposite directions.arrow_forwardAt rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. The neuron also has a higher concentration of potassium inside the cell. The sodium-potassium ion pump is used to maintain the neuron in the resting state. Which of the following statements is true? A. Remaining at rest requires the use of ATP. B. Remaining at rest requires an input of sodium. C. Remaining at rest requires the activation of cotransporters. D Remaining at rest requires decreased permeability of the membrane.arrow_forwardIn the triad, which of the following structure directly regulates Ca2+ release to the cytoplasm? a. Voltage sensor proteins in T tubule b. Voltage sensor proteins in SR c. SR foot proteins in T tubule d. SR foot proteins in SR e. a and darrow_forward
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