The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals. Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A. D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.

What type of cell signaling receptor is depicted below a. Cytoplasmic Receptor b. Transmembrane Receptor c. Intracellular Receptor d. Nuclear Receptor

In a clinical study, it was found that copaiba essential oil positively regulated multiple signaling pathways in neuronal cells. These included the following signaling pathways which regulate neuronal metabolism, proliferation and immunity: (Select all that apply.) Choose at least one answer. a. AMPK b. pI3K/Akt/mTOR c. MAPK d. JAK/STAT

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 8IQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of cell ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: A signaling molecule is usually a ligand, hormone, pheromone, or a peptide molecule that connects to the receptor and changes its shape, thereby activating specific signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Inactivation mechanism is a process by which the cell ceases its response to a signal that is adhered to the receptor, so that the respective pathway is shut down.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which GTPase activity of G protein discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Introduction: G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins coupled to GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, which spans the plasma membrane.

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

Answer 12

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Answer 13

d.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Solution Summary: The author explains how reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell's response and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Concept explainers

Videos

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 11 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains how reversible binding of signaling molecule discontinues a cell's response and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals.

Concept explainers

Videos

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 11 Solutions

To explain: The way in which phosphodiesterase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphodiesterases are a family of enzymes that can break the phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides.

To explain: The way in which phosphatase discontinues a cell’s response to a signal and maintains the ability of the cell to respond to fresh signals

Introduction: Phosphatases are enzymes that remove a phosphate group from proteins.