Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 13TYK
Which of the following molecules is incorrectly matched with its description?
- a. scaffolding protein—large relay protein that may bind with several other relay proteins to increase the efficiency of a signaling pathway
- b. protein phosphatase—enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a protein, causing a shape change that usually activates that protein
- c. adenylyl cyclase—enzyme attached to plasma membrane that converts ATP to cAMP in response to an extracellular signal
- d. phospholipase C—enzyme that may be activated by a G protein or receptor tyrosine kinase and cleaves a plasma-membrane phospholipid into the second messengers IP3 and DAG
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Identify which of the following statements is a lie?
Select one:
a. The docking of ligands to the receptor causes receptor-associated proteins to activate another protein to continue the signaling cascade and one example of this event is the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor .
b. Ligands are important to initiate signal Transduction pathway.
c. Ligands detach from the cell surface receptor in order to change the conformation of the receptor and initiate the signaling pathway.
A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed?
A.
The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A.
B.
The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A.
C.
The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.
D.
The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.
Signaling within organisms can occur using action potentials (short-term signaling) and/or hormones (long-term
signaling). Identify situations where each type of signaling would be better. Describe why having a long-term signaling
system is beneficial to organisms (2-3 sentences).
Chapter 11 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 11 - How do plant hormones (often called plant growth...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2IQCh. 11 - Label the parts in the following diagram of an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4IQCh. 11 - a. What does a protein kinase do? b. What is a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6IQCh. 11 - Prob. 7IQCh. 11 - Prob. 8IQCh. 11 - a. What can one conclude from the fact that the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1SYK
Ch. 11 - Briefly describe the three stages of cell...Ch. 11 - Some signaling pathways alter a proteins activity;...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4SYKCh. 11 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 11 - Steroid hormones a. bind to cell-surface...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 11 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 11 - Which of the following is a key difference between...Ch. 11 - Many human diseases (including bacterial...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 11 - If a protein is activated by the addition of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 11 - From studying the effects of epinephrine on liver...Ch. 11 - You are a Ca2+ ion in a typical animal cell. Where...Ch. 11 - Which of the following molecules is incorrectly...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 11 - Prob. 15TYK
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- What type of cell signaling receptor is depicted below a. Cytoplasmic Receptor b. Transmembrane Receptor c. Intracellular Receptor d. Nuclear Receptorarrow_forwardChemotaxis is a process by which cells migrate toward higher concentrations of a signaling molecule. The signaling molecule binds cell-surface receptors that result in actin polymerization at the cell membrane. Actin polymerization results in the formulation of filamentous actin that exerts a force and leads to protrusion of the leading edge. A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Use the EGF Pathway passage to answer the questions. Part B In the model proposed, which of these events MOST likely occurs to facilitate chemotaxis? A. Integrins anchor the cell to extracellular components. B. Motor proteins move actin toward the leading edge. C. Mitochondria migrate away from the leading edge. D. Desmosomes anchor the cell to other cells. My answer to Part B is (b) motor proteins move actin toward the leading edge. But your answer is (d). Can you please explain why B…arrow_forwardExplain the three stages of cell signaling. a. receptor b. transduction c. response. Attach imagesarrow_forward
- Chemotaxis is a process by which cells migrate toward higher concentrations of a signaling molecule. The signaling molecule binds cell-surface receptors that result in actin polymerization at the cell membrane. Actin polymerization results in the formulation of filamentous actin that exerts a force and leads to protrusion of the leading edge. A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Use the EGF Pathway passage to answer the questions. Part A Which of these structures, if present in a prokaryote, would prevent the organism from using this type of actin polymerization to chemotax toward a signal? A. cell wall B. flagellum C. mitochondrion D. ribosome Part B In the model proposed, which of these events MOST likely occurs to facilitate chemotaxis? A. Integrins anchor the cell to extracellular components. B. Motor proteins move actin toward the leading edge. C. Mitochondria migrate…arrow_forwardWhich statement best describes how molecular complementarity enables specificity during a signaling event? The molecular shape of two molecules should have a small amount of complementarity. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves weak interactions at multiple different sites. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves strong interactions at multiple different sites. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves covalent interactions at multiple different sites.arrow_forwardThe figure below illustrates a model of a signal transduction cascade, initiated by the bind- ing of a ligand to a membrane-bound receptor. ligand A partial model of a signal transduction pathway A inactivated molecules B -receptor protein A D activated molecule 1 Based on the figure, which of the following describes the most likely outcome of a mutation that changes the intracellular region of receptor protein A? activated molecule 2 activated molecule 3 The receptor will not activate molecule 1, but the activation of molecules 2 and 3 will continue at lower rates. Molecule 1 will not become activated, preventing the activation of molecules 2 and 3 and the subsequent cellular response. с The ligand will not be able to bind the membrane-bound receptor, preventing the signal transduction pathway from initiating. The ligand that binds to protein A will not enter the cell, preventing the cellular response from occurring.arrow_forward
- A ligand binds to the extracellular portion of a receptor. Another ligand binds to an identical half of the same receptor. When this happens, the two halves come together and the intracellular portion adds phosphates from ATP to tyrosine amino acids it the receptor structure. This passage describes what kind of receptor? Select one: a. A G-protein coupled receptor b. A receptor tyrosine kinase c. A receptor tyrosine phosphatase d. A ligand-gated kinase channelarrow_forwardWhich of the following would be considered second messengers of a signaling pathway? Select one: a. A kinase enzyme b. A scaffolding protein holding three kinases c. Adenyl cyclase d. All answers are examples of second messengers e. A sugar like inositol f. Ligand gated channelarrow_forwardYou are interested in monitoring the movement of a protein kinase called PKB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during a signaling pathway that is active in brain cells. If you wanted to monitor the changes in the subcellular location of PKB, describe one way you could do that and explain why you think it would provide insights into how PKB changes its subcellular location.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding signaling in normal cells and cancer cells is false? a. In normal cells, RTK transphosphorylation is strictly dependent on ligand binding. Ligand binding promotes a conformational change in the RTKS that is required for dimerization, and dimerization is required for transphosphorylation. b. Cancers cells that over-express RTK's can respond to tiny amounts of ligand, and in some instances signaling can be ligand-independent. c. Cancer cells that have established several autocrine signaling loops have a poor prognosis, because these cells have enabled multiple independent mitogenic signal transduction pathways. 4 d. The extracellular ectodomains of all RTKS are highly conserved in primary sequence and structure. e. RTKS have a hydrophilic extracellular ectodomain, and hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a hydrophilic cytoplasmic domain, which contains the catalytic portion of the protein.arrow_forwardWhich of the following signaling mechanisms is not a switch mechanism? a. Changes in phosphorylation state b. Binding of GTP c. Binding of Ca2+ ion d. Protease activityarrow_forwardSignaling can result in both fast and slow cellular responses. does the following statement describe a fast or slow cellular response? A signaling molecule binds to a GPCR, which activates a G-protein, the G-protein activates cAMP, which activates PKA, which turns on a transcriptoin factor, which goes on to affect gene expression Group of answer choices Fast Instantaneous Slow Intermediatearrow_forward
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