Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 8CYR
Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction?
a. Every section of the axolemma must be depolarized and triggered to generate an action potential.
b. The internodes must generate action potentials.
c. The dendrites and cell bodies propagate EPSPs toward the trigger zone.
d. Only the nodes of Ranvier must generate action potentials.
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Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)?
A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane.
B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP.
C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP.
D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels .
E. All of the above statements are FALSE.
Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by a. inward diffusion of Na+. b. active extrusion of K+. c. outward diffusion of K+. d. inward active transport of Na+.
Match the description with the statement that best describes the following regions
dendrites
A. elongated projection that conducts electrical signals over long distances
B. receives input from other neurons
axon hillock
C. "region of high denisty of voltage-gated channels, known as the trigger zone"
ахon
D. contains numerous vesicles containing neurotransmitter
synaptic knob
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - What are the organs of the CNS?Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.1 - Describe the sensory, integrative, and motor...Ch. 11.1 - 4. What are the differences between the somatic...Ch. 11.1 - How does the somatic motor division of the PNS...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of the cell body,...Ch. 11.2 - What are the structural differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functional differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of astrocytes?Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 5QC
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.2 - 7. What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Ch. 11.2 - How does the myelin sheath differ in the CNS and...Ch. 11.2 - Are neurons more likely to regenerate in the CNS...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - 1. What is the resting membrane potential?
Ch. 11.3 - In and around the axon, where is the higher...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.3 - 4. Define local potential. Why is it also called...Ch. 11.3 - Why are local potentials useful only for...Ch. 11.3 - What takes place during the depolarization phase...Ch. 11.3 - 7. What must be reached in order for...Ch. 11.3 - 8. What takes place during the repolarization and...Ch. 11.3 - 9. What are the absolute and relative refractory...Ch. 11.3 - 10. How do local potentials and action potentials...Ch. 11.3 - Which is useful for long-distance signaling, and...Ch. 11.3 - 12. How is an action potential propagated down an...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13QCCh. 11.4 - What are three locations where presynaptic axons...Ch. 11.4 - Define synaptic transmission.Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.4 - How do the two types of postsynaptic potentials...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.6 - 1. Why are neurons organized into neuronal...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.6 - 3. What mechanisms stabilize neural circuits?
Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 11 - 2. Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and...Ch. 11 - Match each type of neuroglial cell with its...Ch. 11 - 4. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 11 - 5. An axon is best defined as a process that:
a....Ch. 11 - 6. Fill in the blanks: The myelinated segment of...Ch. 11 - 7. Fill in the blanks: The _______is the period of...Ch. 11 - 8. Which of the following statements best...Ch. 11 - 9. Identify the following as properties of...Ch. 11 - The trigger for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles...Ch. 11 - Match the following neurotransmitters with their...Ch. 11 - 12. Which of the following is not a method by...Ch. 11 - 13. A ________is characterized by multiple input...Ch. 11 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 11 - Sequence the following list of events of a...Ch. 11 - 16. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - 1. A drug that blocks channels in neurons does so...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11 - Why must a cell body be intact for an axon to...Ch. 11 - 4. Explain how an action potential is propagated...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 11 - 2. During a surgical procedure, an...Ch. 11 - Albert accidentally ingests the poison...Ch. 11 - 4. Albert, the patient in question 3, takes the...Ch. 11 - Predict the effect that tetrodotoxin would have on...Ch. 11 - Explain what would happen if depolarization of the...
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- Determine whether each statement is true or false. If a statement is false, explain why. A. Voltage gated sodium channels are quick to open and slow to close, while voltage gated potassium channels are quick to open and slow to close. 6. Before a second action potential can be generated, the concentration of sodium and potassium on either side of the cell membrane must be fully restored. C. The strength of an action potential is represented by the amplitude of the wave. A stronger stimulus will generate an action potential with a higher peak than a weaker stimulus. D.. Action potentials travel in a non-decremental manner down the axon, with the voltage constantly being regenerated along the way, unlike graded potentials which quickly diminish over short distances. E. Contiguous conduction is faster than saltatory conduction. F. Action potentials originate in the axon hillock and travel down the axon to the terminal boutons (pre-synaptic axon terminals).arrow_forwardDuring saltatory conduction, action potentials are generated: a. along the entire length of the unmyelinated axon. b. regardless if threshold is reached. c. when the entire axolemma is depolarized. d. only at nodes of Ranvier of myelinated axons.arrow_forwardRead the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and carrow_forward
- Match the description with the statement that best describes the following neural circuits. a single post-synaptic neuron receives input from multiple pre- synaptic neurons causes the stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron continually similar to a positive feedback response A. diverging circuits B. converging circuits C. reverberating circuits causes a longer lasting stimulus of the post-synaptic neuron D. parallel after discharge circuits a single pre-synaptic neuron synapses with multiple post-synaptic neurons Moving to another question will save this response. Photos A39 DEC 3 17 étvarrow_forwardDuring the action potential, which of the following activity is LIKELY to occur? Select one: a. Na+ channels open at the beginning of the action potential, and Na+ moves into the axon b. Na+ channel passages become smaller and get retracted at the beginning of the action potential c. Na+ channels are less active and static throughout the action potential process d. less Na+ is pumped to the axon when the action potential is triggeredarrow_forwardA stimulus causes a change in permeability of neural membranes, which begins the process of transmitting an impulse. If the stimulus reaches the threshold potential of a neuron, an action potential is generated. Select the numbers of the statements below that occur once the threshold potential is reached. 1. Sodium ions flow into the neuron. 2. Sodium ions flow out of the neuron. 3. The membrane potential becomes positive. 4. The membrane potential becomes negative. 5. Voltage-gated potassium channels open. 6. Voltage-gated potassium channels close. 7. Potassium ions flow into the neuron. 8. Potassium ions flow out of the neuron. Place the numbers in order from the first event to the last event: andarrow_forward
- The nerve impulses always travel in one direction from dendrites to axon terminals. What prevents an action potential from travelling backward? a. Hyperpolarization of the neuron makes the membrane more positive and prevents another action potential. b. After repolarization, the refractory period occurs, where the sodium ions are found outside the cell. c. After repolarization, the reversal of ions prevents another action potential as there would not be enough sodium ions outside the cell to rush in. d. The refractory period prevents another action potential by lowering the threshold potential.arrow_forwardThe two primary factors that influence the speed of an action potential propagation are axon diameter and a. myelination. b. the type of associated glial cell(s). c. concentration of K+ in the cell. d. the length of the axon.arrow_forwardDuring a relative refractory period of an action potential A. Another action potential can be fired, it just takes a greater stimulus for the membrane potential to reach threshold B. Na+ channels are either already open or are inactivated therefore the membrane absolutely can not produce another action potential, no matter how intense the stimulus C. Ca++ flows out of the cell, causing hyperpolarization and a need for a greater stimulus to generate the action potential D. The presynaptic neuron "tells" the postsynaptic neuron about the "relative" strength of signal E. None of the above are correctarrow_forward
- Where is the action potential generated initiated in the neuron? Select one: a. Nucleus of the neuron. b. Dendritic terminals. c. Post-synaptic gap. d. Axon hillock.arrow_forwardThe axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes completely reversed. Then, suddenly, the membrane potential begins to return to resting membrane potential. What is the event that triggers this return to resting potential? A. Na+ channels close in a voltage-dependent manner B. Na+ channels close in a time-dependent manner C. Na+ channels close in a chemically-dependent manner D. Na+ channels open in a voltage-dependent mannerarrow_forwardSequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first event, 2 next to the second event, and so on. a. _____ The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ flood the cytoplasm, and depolarization occurs. b. _____ K+ continue to flow out of the axon until the membrane is hyperpolarized. c. _____ Local potentials cause the membrane to depolarize to threshold. d. _____ The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ begin to exit the axon, and repolarization begins. e. _____ Repolarization continues and Na+ channels return to restingarrow_forward
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