Chapter 11, Problem 14CYR

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The resting membrane potential refers to the voltage difference across the membranes of excitable cells at rest.

b. The concentration of ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ is highest in the cytosol, and the concentration of ${\text{K}}^{+}$ is highest in the extracellular fluid.

c. The ${\text{Na}}^{+}$/ ${\text{K}}^{+}$ pumps and gated channels maintain the ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ and ${\text{K}}^{+}$ gradients necessary for action potentials to occur.

d. A depolarization is a change in membrane potential that makes the potential less negative.

e. A local potential is a change in membrane potential that conducts the long-distance signals of the nervous system.