Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.3, Problem 5QC
Why are local potentials useful only for short-distance signaling?
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What is long distance and local signaling?
Why do different cells respond to the same stimulus in different ways? State three potential outcomes of signal transduction events.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - What are the organs of the CNS?Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.1 - Describe the sensory, integrative, and motor...Ch. 11.1 - 4. What are the differences between the somatic...Ch. 11.1 - How does the somatic motor division of the PNS...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of the cell body,...Ch. 11.2 - What are the structural differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functional differences between...Ch. 11.2 - What are the functions of astrocytes?Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 5QC
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.2 - 7. What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Ch. 11.2 - How does the myelin sheath differ in the CNS and...Ch. 11.2 - Are neurons more likely to regenerate in the CNS...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 10QCCh. 11.3 - 1. What is the resting membrane potential?
Ch. 11.3 - In and around the axon, where is the higher...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.3 - 4. Define local potential. Why is it also called...Ch. 11.3 - Why are local potentials useful only for...Ch. 11.3 - What takes place during the depolarization phase...Ch. 11.3 - 7. What must be reached in order for...Ch. 11.3 - 8. What takes place during the repolarization and...Ch. 11.3 - 9. What are the absolute and relative refractory...Ch. 11.3 - 10. How do local potentials and action potentials...Ch. 11.3 - Which is useful for long-distance signaling, and...Ch. 11.3 - 12. How is an action potential propagated down an...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13QCCh. 11.4 - What are three locations where presynaptic axons...Ch. 11.4 - Define synaptic transmission.Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.4 - How do the two types of postsynaptic potentials...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 11.6 - 1. Why are neurons organized into neuronal...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11.6 - 3. What mechanisms stabilize neural circuits?
Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 11 - 2. Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and...Ch. 11 - Match each type of neuroglial cell with its...Ch. 11 - 4. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 11 - 5. An axon is best defined as a process that:
a....Ch. 11 - 6. Fill in the blanks: The myelinated segment of...Ch. 11 - 7. Fill in the blanks: The _______is the period of...Ch. 11 - 8. Which of the following statements best...Ch. 11 - 9. Identify the following as properties of...Ch. 11 - The trigger for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles...Ch. 11 - Match the following neurotransmitters with their...Ch. 11 - 12. Which of the following is not a method by...Ch. 11 - 13. A ________is characterized by multiple input...Ch. 11 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 11 - Sequence the following list of events of a...Ch. 11 - 16. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 11 - 1. A drug that blocks channels in neurons does so...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11 - Why must a cell body be intact for an axon to...Ch. 11 - 4. Explain how an action potential is propagated...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 11 - 2. During a surgical procedure, an...Ch. 11 - Albert accidentally ingests the poison...Ch. 11 - 4. Albert, the patient in question 3, takes the...Ch. 11 - Predict the effect that tetrodotoxin would have on...Ch. 11 - Explain what would happen if depolarization of the...
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- Which is useful for long-distance signaling, and why?arrow_forwardWhat happens to the membrane potential inside and outside of the cell when K+ channels are open?arrow_forwardParkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. Most people affected with Parkinson's disease demonstrate rigidity, slow movement, and shaking. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease occur when the cells that produce dopamine neurotransmitters die in the brain. Explain how the signal transmission at a synapse in an individual with Parkinson's disease is different than an unaffected individual. Describe the normal process of signal transmission at a synapse. Start with the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal and include the name of the neurotransmitter that is affected by Parkinson's disease. Explain how the process is different in individuals affected with Parkinson's disease.arrow_forward
- This type of signal involves the movement of ions across the plasma membranes: graded potentials action potentials both graded potentials and action potentials neither graded potentials nor action potentials This type of signal loses strength as it travels from its point of origin graded potentials action potentials both graded potentials and action potentials neither graded potentials nor action potentials EO 000 DOOarrow_forwardHow does a signal cross the synaptic cleft?arrow_forwardAfter an action potential has been initiated, there are two processes that prevent the membrane from remaining depolarized forever. What are these two processes? activation of ligand-gated channels activation of the Na/K pump activation of voltage-gated K+ channels activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels inactivation of ligand-gated channels inactivation of the Na/K pump inactivation of voltage-gated K+ channels inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channelsarrow_forward
- Explain Signaling by Receptors That Are Ligand-Gated Ion Channels?arrow_forwardName the three phases of an action potential. Describe for each the underlying molecular basis and the ion involved. Why is the term voltage-gated channel applied to Na+ channels involved in the generation of an action potential?arrow_forwarddescribe how signal amplification is accomplished in target cellarrow_forward
- What is honest signaling? Describe one honest signal that you produce.arrow_forwardConsider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential, depolarization, and hyperpolarization. Figure out which one is which, then draw them in the order they occur in a cell that undergoes an action potential outside + Na* inside K* Na* Nat K Nat K Na potential: -80 mV outside + Na K* Na* inside Na+ K Nat Na* K+ potential: +30 mV outside Na Na Na Na* K+ inside K* Na* Kt potential: -70 mVarrow_forwardWhat are the advantages of having an enzyme involved in the initial response to receptor activation by a first messenger?arrow_forward
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