Sequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first event, 2 next to the second event, and so on. a. _____ The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ flood the cytoplasm, and depolarization occurs. b. _____ K+ continue to flow out of the axon until the membrane is hyperpolarized. c. _____ Local potentials cause the membrane to depolarize to threshold. d. _____ The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ begin to exit the axon, and repolarization begins. e. _____ Repolarization continues and Na+ channels return to resting

Sequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first event, 2 next to the second event, and so on. a. ___ The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ flood the cytoplasm, and depolarization occurs. b. _ K+ continue to flow out of the axon until the membrane is hyperpolarized. c. _ Local potentials cause the membrane to depolarize to threshold. d. _ The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ begin to exit the axon, and repolarization begins. e. ___ Repolarization continues and Na+ channels return to resting

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQE

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Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)? A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane. B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP. C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP. D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels . E. All of the above statements are FALSE.
Read the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and c
Which of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials? a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons. b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron. c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel. d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction e. Action potentials move slowly.
Local anesthetic is often used in dentistry to lessen the sensation of pain during dental procedures. It prevents propagation of nerve conduction by decreasing the flow of ions. a. Describe how depolarization of an action potential can be blocked by the use of local anesthetic. b. Your classmate explained that once the threshold potential has been reached, the inside charge of the neuron is more positive than the outside charge. Is she correct? Can you compare the inside charge to the outside charge in an axon treated with local anesthetic?
A neuron with a resting membrane potential of -75 mV receives multiple inputs giving rise to the following post-synaptic potentials: -15 mV, 20 mV, -5 mV, 7 mV, and 22 mV. The threshold is -50 mV. What will be the outcome? An action potential (AP) will be generated because there are more positive than negative inputs а. b. No action potential because the presence of a single IPSP is sufficient to prevent an AP О с. An action potential (AP) will be generated because the sum exceeds the threshold O d. An action potential (AP) will be generated because the sum of inputs is a positive value Ое. No action potential (AP) will be generated because the sum of inputs is below the threshold
The axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes completely reversed. Then, suddenly, the membrane potential begins to return to resting membrane potential. What is the event that triggers this return to resting potential? A. Na+ channels close in a voltage-dependent manner B. Na+ channels close in a time-dependent manner C. Na+ channels close in a chemically-dependent manner D. Na+ channels open in a voltage-dependent manner
Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by a. inward diffusion of Na+. b. active extrusion of K+. c. outward diffusion of K+. d. inward active transport of Na+.
+70 D A -70 Time in msec The diagram above shows the changes in membrane potential measured from a single point in a typical mammalian motor neuron that has been artificially stimulated to threshold. Membrane potential in mV B
Changes in ion permeability or ion concentration can alter the resting membrane potential of a neuron. For each of the following, select whether each condition would cause hyperpolarization (H), depolarization (D), or very little change (LC) in the resting membrane potential. A. Increase in [K*]out [Select] B. Increase in [Na]out [Select] C. Increase in Na+ permeability [Select] D. Adding TTX [Select] E. Adding dinitrophenol (a metabolic poison) [ Select]
Any change in a neuron's membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (e.g. -120mv) is: a. Hypopolarization b. Depolarization c. An action potential d. HyperpolarizationNOTE: A IS INCORRECT
Identify the following as properties of electrical synapses (ES), chemical synapses (CS), or both (B). a. _____ The plasma membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are joined by gap junctions. b. _____ Transmission is unidirectional and delayed. c. _____ A presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron are involved. d. _____ The use of neurotransmitters packaged into synaptic vesicles is required. e. _____ Transmission is nearly instantaneous and bidirection