Physics of Everyday Phenomena
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259894008
Author: W. Thomas Griffith, Juliet Brosing Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 8CQ
To determine
The law of
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Physics of Everyday Phenomena
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1CQCh. 11 - Prob. 2CQCh. 11 - In applying the first law of thermodynamics to a...Ch. 11 - Is the total amount of heat released by a heat...Ch. 11 - From the perspective of the first law of...Ch. 11 - Which motor in a hybrid vehiclethe electric or...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CQCh. 11 - Prob. 8CQCh. 11 - Prob. 9CQCh. 11 - Prob. 10CQ
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11CQCh. 11 - Is it possible for the efficiency of a heat engine...Ch. 11 - Can a Carnot engine operate in an irreversible...Ch. 11 - Does a gasoline-burning automobile engine operate...Ch. 11 - Which would have the greater efficiencya Carnot...Ch. 11 - If we want to increase the efficiency of a Carnot...Ch. 11 - Is a heat pump the same thing as a heat engine?...Ch. 11 - Is a heat pump essentially the same thing as a...Ch. 11 - When a heat pump is used to heat a building, where...Ch. 11 - Is it possible to cool a closed room by leaving...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21CQCh. 11 - Prob. 22CQCh. 11 - Prob. 23CQCh. 11 - Prob. 24CQCh. 11 - Which has the higher entropy, a deck of cards in...Ch. 11 - A hot cup of coffee is allowed to cool down, thus...Ch. 11 - When a substance freezes, the molecules become...Ch. 11 - Which would normally have the greater thermal...Ch. 11 - In what ways is a nuclear power plant similar to a...Ch. 11 - What is the distinction between high-grade heat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31CQCh. 11 - Prob. 32CQCh. 11 - Is an automobile engine a perpetual-motion...Ch. 11 - Prob. 34CQCh. 11 - Prob. 35CQCh. 11 - The water draining from the bottom of the pond...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37CQCh. 11 - In one cycle, a heat engine takes in 1200 J of...Ch. 11 - A heat engine with an efficiency of 28% does 700 J...Ch. 11 - In one cycle, a heat engine takes in 800 J of heat...Ch. 11 - A heat engine with an efficiency of 35% takes in...Ch. 11 - In one cycle, a heat engine does 700 J of work and...Ch. 11 - A Carnot engine takes in heat at a temperature of...Ch. 11 - A Carnot engine takes in heat from a reservoir at...Ch. 11 - A Carnot engine operates between temperatures of...Ch. 11 - A heat pump takes in 450 J of heat from a...Ch. 11 - In each cycle of its operation, a refrigerator...Ch. 11 - A typical electric refrigerator (see fig. 11.9)...Ch. 11 - A typical nuclear power plant delivers heat from...Ch. 11 - An ocean thermal-energy power plant takes in warm...Ch. 11 - An engineer designs a heat engine using flat-plate...Ch. 11 - Suppose that a typical automobile engine operates...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2SPCh. 11 - A Carnot engine operating in reverse as a heat...Ch. 11 - In section 11.3, we showed that a violation of the...Ch. 11 - Suppose that an oil-fired power plant is designed...
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- (a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of 90.0C water placed in contact with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water, producing a final temperature of 50.0C ? (b) How much work could a Carnot engine do with this heat transfer, assuming it operates between two reservoirs at constant temperatures of 90.0C and 10.0C ? (c) What increase in entropy is produced by mixing 20.0 kg of 90.0C water with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water? (d) Calculate the amount of work made unavailable by this mixing using a low temperature of 10.0C, and compare it with the work done by the Garnet engine. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Entropy. (e) Discuss how everyday processes make increasingly more energy unavailable to do work, as implied by this problem.arrow_forwardIn a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with number of moles n undergoes an adiabatic process. (a) Starting with the expression W=PdV and using the condition PV = constant, show that the work done on the gas is W=(11)(PfVfPiVi) (b) Starting with the first law of thermodynamics, show that the work done on the gas is equal to nCV(Tf Ti). (c) Are these two results consistent with each other? Explain.arrow_forwardOf the following, which is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (a) No heat engine operating in a cycle can absorb energy from a reservoir and use it entirely to do work, (b) No real engine operating between two energy reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two reservoirs, (c) When a system undergoes a change in state, the change in the internal energy of the system is the sum of the energy transferred to the system by heat and the work done on the system, (d) The entropy of the Universe increases in all natural processes, (e) Energy will not spontaneously transfer by heat from a cold object to a hot object.arrow_forward
- Give an example of a spontaneous process in which a system becomes less ordered and energy becomes less available to do work. What happens to the system's entropy in this process?arrow_forwardAn electric generating station is designed to have an electric output power of 1.40 MW using a turbine with two-thirds the efficiency of a Carnot engine. The exhaust energy is transferred by heat into a cooling tower at 110C. (a) Find the rate at which the station exhausts energy by heat as a function of the fuel combustion temperature Th. (b) If the firebox is modified to run hotter by using more advanced combustion technology, how does the amount of energy exhaust change? (c) Find the exhaust power for Th = 800C. (d) Find the value of Th for which the exhaust power would be only half as large as in part (c). (e) Find the value of Th for which the exhaust power would be one-fourth as large as in part (c).arrow_forwardExplain how water’s entropy can decrease when it freezes without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Specifically, explain what happens to the entropy of its surroundings.arrow_forward
- This problem compares the energy output and heat transfer to the environment by two different types of nuclear power stationsone with the normal efficiency of 34.0%, and another with an improved efficiency of 40.0%. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine in one day. 2.501014J. (a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station? (b) How much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more efficient power station? (One type of more ef?cient nuclear power station, the gas—cooled reactor, has not been reliable enough to be economically feasible in spite of its greater eficiency.)arrow_forwardWhat is the change in entropy in an adiabatic process? Does this imply that adiabatic processes are reversible? Can a process be precisely adiabatic for a macroscopic system?arrow_forwardA 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle shown in Figure P21.37. The process A B is a reversible isothermal expansion. Calculate (a) the net work done by the gas, (b) the energy added to the gas by heat, (c) the energy exhausted from the gas by heat, and (d) the efficiency of the cycle. (e) Explain how the efficiency compares with that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperature extremes. Figure P21.37arrow_forward
- There is no change in the internal of an ideal gas undergoing an isothermal process since the internal energy depends only on the temperature. Is it therefore correct to say that an isothermal process is the same as an adiabatic process for an ideal gas? Explain your answer. `arrow_forwardWhyother than the fact that the second law of thermodynamics says reversible engines are the most ef?cientShould heat engines employing reversible processes be more ef?cient than those employing irreversible processes? Consider that dissipative mechanisms are one cause of irreversibility.arrow_forward
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