Physics of Everyday Phenomena
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259894008
Author: W. Thomas Griffith, Juliet Brosing Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 4CQ
Is the total amount of heat released by a
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Physics of Everyday Phenomena
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1CQCh. 11 - Prob. 2CQCh. 11 - In applying the first law of thermodynamics to a...Ch. 11 - Is the total amount of heat released by a heat...Ch. 11 - From the perspective of the first law of...Ch. 11 - Which motor in a hybrid vehiclethe electric or...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CQCh. 11 - Prob. 8CQCh. 11 - Prob. 9CQCh. 11 - Prob. 10CQ
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11CQCh. 11 - Is it possible for the efficiency of a heat engine...Ch. 11 - Can a Carnot engine operate in an irreversible...Ch. 11 - Does a gasoline-burning automobile engine operate...Ch. 11 - Which would have the greater efficiencya Carnot...Ch. 11 - If we want to increase the efficiency of a Carnot...Ch. 11 - Is a heat pump the same thing as a heat engine?...Ch. 11 - Is a heat pump essentially the same thing as a...Ch. 11 - When a heat pump is used to heat a building, where...Ch. 11 - Is it possible to cool a closed room by leaving...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21CQCh. 11 - Prob. 22CQCh. 11 - Prob. 23CQCh. 11 - Prob. 24CQCh. 11 - Which has the higher entropy, a deck of cards in...Ch. 11 - A hot cup of coffee is allowed to cool down, thus...Ch. 11 - When a substance freezes, the molecules become...Ch. 11 - Which would normally have the greater thermal...Ch. 11 - In what ways is a nuclear power plant similar to a...Ch. 11 - What is the distinction between high-grade heat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31CQCh. 11 - Prob. 32CQCh. 11 - Is an automobile engine a perpetual-motion...Ch. 11 - Prob. 34CQCh. 11 - Prob. 35CQCh. 11 - The water draining from the bottom of the pond...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37CQCh. 11 - In one cycle, a heat engine takes in 1200 J of...Ch. 11 - A heat engine with an efficiency of 28% does 700 J...Ch. 11 - In one cycle, a heat engine takes in 800 J of heat...Ch. 11 - A heat engine with an efficiency of 35% takes in...Ch. 11 - In one cycle, a heat engine does 700 J of work and...Ch. 11 - A Carnot engine takes in heat at a temperature of...Ch. 11 - A Carnot engine takes in heat from a reservoir at...Ch. 11 - A Carnot engine operates between temperatures of...Ch. 11 - A heat pump takes in 450 J of heat from a...Ch. 11 - In each cycle of its operation, a refrigerator...Ch. 11 - A typical electric refrigerator (see fig. 11.9)...Ch. 11 - A typical nuclear power plant delivers heat from...Ch. 11 - An ocean thermal-energy power plant takes in warm...Ch. 11 - An engineer designs a heat engine using flat-plate...Ch. 11 - Suppose that a typical automobile engine operates...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2SPCh. 11 - A Carnot engine operating in reverse as a heat...Ch. 11 - In section 11.3, we showed that a violation of the...Ch. 11 - Suppose that an oil-fired power plant is designed...
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- Give an example of a spontaneous process in which a system becomes less ordered and energy becomes less available to do work. What happens to the system's entropy in this process?arrow_forwardAn athlete whose mass is 70.0 kg drinks 16.0 ounces (454 g) of refrigerated water. The water is at a temperature of 35.0F. (a) Ignoring the temperature change of the body that results from the water intake (so that the body is regarded as a reservoir always at 98.6F), find the entropy increase of the entire system. (b) What If? Assume the entire body is cooled by the drink and the average specific heat of a person is equal to the specific heat of liquid water. Ignoring any other energy transfers by heat and any metabolic energy release, find the athletes temperature after she drinks the cold water given an initial body temperature of 98.6F. (c) Under these assumptions, what is the entropy increase of the entire system? (d) State how this result compares with the one you obtained in part (a).arrow_forwardA 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle shown in Figure P18.63. The process AB is a reversible isothermal expansion. Calculate (a) the net work done by the gas, (b) the energy added to the gas by heat, (c) the energy exhausted from the gas by heat, and (d) the efficiency of the cycle. (e) Explain how the efficiency compares with that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperature extremes. Figure P18.63arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true for the entropy change of a system that undergoes a reversible, adiabatic process? (a) S 0 (b) S = 0 (c) S 0arrow_forwardThis problem compares the energy output and heat transfer to the environment by two different types of nuclear power stationsone with the normal efficiency of 34.0%, and another with an improved efficiency of 40.0%. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine in one day. 2.501014J. (a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station? (b) How much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more efficient power station? (One type of more ef?cient nuclear power station, the gas—cooled reactor, has not been reliable enough to be economically feasible in spite of its greater eficiency.)arrow_forward(a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of 90.0C water placed in contact with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water, producing a final temperature of 50.0C ? (b) How much work could a Carnot engine do with this heat transfer, assuming it operates between two reservoirs at constant temperatures of 90.0C and 10.0C ? (c) What increase in entropy is produced by mixing 20.0 kg of 90.0C water with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water? (d) Calculate the amount of work made unavailable by this mixing using a low temperature of 10.0C, and compare it with the work done by the Garnet engine. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Entropy. (e) Discuss how everyday processes make increasingly more energy unavailable to do work, as implied by this problem.arrow_forward
- Of the following, which is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (a) No heat engine operating in a cycle can absorb energy from a reservoir and use it entirely to do work, (b) No real engine operating between two energy reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two reservoirs, (c) When a system undergoes a change in state, the change in the internal energy of the system is the sum of the energy transferred to the system by heat and the work done on the system, (d) The entropy of the Universe increases in all natural processes, (e) Energy will not spontaneously transfer by heat from a cold object to a hot object.arrow_forwardA gun is a heat engine. In particular, it is an internal combustion piston engine that does not operate in a cycle, but comes apart during its adiabatic expansion process. A certain gun consists of 1.80 kg of iron. It fires one 2.40-g bullet at 320 m/s with an energy efficiency of 1.10%. Assume the body of the gun absorbs all the energy exhaustthe other 98.9%and increases uniformly in temperature for a short time interval before it loses any energy by heat into the environment. Find its temperature increase.arrow_forwardThe compression ratio of an Otto cycle as shown in Figure 21.12 is VA/VB = 8.00. At the beginning A of the compression process, 500 cm3 of gas is at 100 kPa and 20.0C. At the beginning of the adiabatic expansion, the temperature is TC = 750C. Model the working fluid as an ideal gas with = 1.40. (a) Fill in this table to follow the states of the gas: (b) Fill in this table to follow the processes: (c) Identify the energy input |Qh|, (d) the energy exhaust |Qc|, and (e) the net output work Weng. (f) Calculate the efficiency. (g) Find the number of crankshaft revolutions per minute required for a one-cylinder engine to have an output power of 1.00 kW = 1.34 hp. Note: The thermodynamic cycle involves four piston strokes.arrow_forward
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Flow, Entropy, and Microstates; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrwW4w2nAMc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY