Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 11, Problem 2AL
Certain chemicals block ATP synthesis by allowing protons and other ions to “leak across membranes,” disrupting the charge and proton gradients established by electron flow through an ETC. Does this observation support the chemiosmosis hypothesis? Explain your reasoning.
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As electrons move from Complex I & II to Complex IV, H+ ions accumulate in the intermembrane space. Describe how these ions are then used to generate ATP using the following terms: ATP synthase, ADP, ATP, electrochemical gradient, chemiosmosis, intermembrane space, matrix.
Describe the role of each of the membrane proteins shown in the picture below. Think about what is happening to the electrons and describe how energy is transformed as electrons move along the chain. Part of this involves the formation of the proton gradient. The other part is the explanation of the energetics of electron transport that you investigated above. In other words, the reason that electrons always flow from complex I to complex III to complex IV to oxygen.
Consider the following diagram when answering the questions about cellular
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Compare...Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are the three major...Ch. 11.2 - Is NAD+ reduced to NADH in the catabolic or...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - Why is it to a cells advantage to catabolize...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Which reactions are examples of substrate-level...Ch. 11.4 - For what kinds of reactions is NADPH used?Ch. 11.4 - For what macromolecule is ribose 5-phosphate a...
Ch. 11.4 - Summarize the major features of the...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.5 - Identify the substrate and products of the TCA...Ch. 11.5 - What chemical intermediate links pyruvate to the...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply In what eukaryotic...Ch. 11.5 - Why is it desirable for a microbe with the...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.6 - Describe the current model of oxidative...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.6 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 5CCCh. 11.9 - What is the difference between a hydrolase and...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly discuss the ways in...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe how a...Ch. 11.11 - How do chemolithotrophs obtain their ATP and...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.11 - Why can hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and archaea...Ch. 11.11 - What is reverse electron flow and why do many...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 5CCCh. 11.12 - When electrons from P700 are used to reduce NADP+,...Ch. 11.12 - Define the following terms: light reactions, dark...Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.12 - What is the function of accessory pigments?Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.12 - Compare and contrast anoxygenic phototrophy and...Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 6CCCh. 11 - Prob. 1RCCh. 11 - Prob. 2RCCh. 11 - Prob. 3RCCh. 11 - Prob. 4RCCh. 11 - Prob. 5RCCh. 11 - Prob. 6RCCh. 11 - How would you isolate a thermophilic...Ch. 11 - Certain chemicals block ATP synthesis by allowing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3ALCh. 11 - Review the description of the Berkeley Pit Lake in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5AL
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- Describe the process by which the proton gradient drives ATP synthesis in chemiosmosis.arrow_forwardFigure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.arrow_forwardDescribe with a summary picture the aerobic respiration from glucose (CHO) all the way to Co2 and water. Highlight, with yellow the flow of H (and then electrons and protons) and in red the ATP Include: inner membrane, outer membrane, matrix, intermembrane space glycolisis, Krebs cycle (citirc acid), e.t.c. (oxidative phosphorilation) ATP synthase, NADH dehydrogenase complex, cyt b-c1complex, cyt oxidase complex, ubiquinone, cytochrome-c glucose, pyruvate, acetyl-Co-A, H2O, O2, CO2, NADH, NAD+, FADH2, e-, H+, ATP, ADP +Pi direction of the arrows, inner membrane potential, gradient of protons, inner membrane transporters, outer membrane porinsarrow_forward
- A key experiment that helped put doubts to rest regarding the chemiosomotic theory used an artificial vesicle, a light activated proton pump, and ATP synthase. Which of the following are true about this experiment? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices The inside of the vesicle is more negatively charged when the light is turned on ATP production would decrease if the proton pump was not included in the experiment Adding UCP1 into the experiment would increase ATP production ATP production increases when the light is turned on The pH inside the vesicle decreases when the light is turned on The final stage of the electron transport chain is the transfer of the electrons to ATP synthase. Group of answer choices True False Complex I can accept electrons from NADH using binding sites on both the matrix and intermembrane space sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane Group of answer choices True False Different iron-sulfur clusters can have different…arrow_forwardWhich of the following among A- D is incorrect regarding the proton motive force and ATP synthase (ATPase)? A) O The F1 subunit of the ATPase binds ADP and phosphate, forms ATP, and then releases ATP B) O Increasıng the difference in pH across the membrane of a bacterial cell would likely increase its proton motive force. O O The ATPase is a molecular motor that moves as protons flow through it. D) O Increasing the negative charge inside a bacterial cell would likely increase the proton motive force. E) O All of A- D is correct.arrow_forwardPlease answer this question in detail because I don't understand it. Thank you. Which of the following best describes the role of chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation? (A) Chemiosmosis is the movement of electrons down their electrochemical gradient, which generates energy in the electron transport chain. (B) Chemiosmosis is the chemical breakdown of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate. (C) Chemiosmosis is the movement of chemicals dissolved in water down their concentration gradient, across the mitochondrial membrane. (D) Chemiosmosis is the chemical breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen ions at the final stage of the electron transport chain. (E) Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions down their electrochemical gradient, which generates ATP.arrow_forward
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