Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 11.12, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
Oxygenic photosynthesis in bacteria is similar way as compared to plants. The light harvesting pigments that are present in the bacteria absorb carbon dioxide and release water. Some of the bacteria that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis is Cyanobacteria and Cyanophyta.
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DRAW a curved arrow mechanism for photosynthesis with the following steps.
Step 1: Absorption of sunlight and excitation of chlorophyll molecules
Step 2: Transfer of energy to reaction center chlorophylls, which lose an electron and become oxidized.
Step 3: Electron transfer from oxidized chlorophylls to an electron acceptor, such as a quinone molecule
Step 4: Electron transfer from the quinone molecule to a chain of electron carriers, such as cytochromes, which generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
Step 5: ATP synthesis by ATP synthase using the energy of the proton gradient.
Step 6: Transfer of electrons from the electron carriers to the enzyme rubisco, which catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) with CO2, forming an unstable 6-carbon intermediate.
Step 7: Cleavage of the 6-carbon intermediate into two 3-carbon molecules, which are phosphorylated by ATP and reduced by NADPH to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
Step 8: Conversion of G3P to…
In chloroplasts, the light reactions power the creation of ATP via chemiosmosis. In relation to this process, which of the following is true?
a) ATP synthase breaks ATP down into ADP, creating energy to fuel chemiosmosis.
b) Oxygen is used as a source of electrons to replace those lost in photosystem II.
c) Chemiosmosis during the light reactions is also used in the reduction of NADPH and FADH2.
d) As excited electrons fall back down to a lower energy state, they create a proton gradient that is used to fuel the phosphorylation of ADP.
What are the two places where light energy is required in the light reaction of photosynthesis? Why must energy be supplied at precisely these points?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Compare...Ch. 11.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are the three major...Ch. 11.2 - Is NAD+ reduced to NADH in the catabolic or...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - Why is it to a cells advantage to catabolize...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Which reactions are examples of substrate-level...Ch. 11.4 - For what kinds of reactions is NADPH used?Ch. 11.4 - For what macromolecule is ribose 5-phosphate a...
Ch. 11.4 - Summarize the major features of the...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.5 - Identify the substrate and products of the TCA...Ch. 11.5 - What chemical intermediate links pyruvate to the...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply In what eukaryotic...Ch. 11.5 - Why is it desirable for a microbe with the...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.6 - Describe the current model of oxidative...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.6 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 1MICh. 11.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 5CCCh. 11.9 - What is the difference between a hydrolase and...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MICh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly discuss the ways in...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.9 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe how a...Ch. 11.11 - How do chemolithotrophs obtain their ATP and...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.11 - Why can hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and archaea...Ch. 11.11 - What is reverse electron flow and why do many...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 5CCCh. 11.12 - When electrons from P700 are used to reduce NADP+,...Ch. 11.12 - Define the following terms: light reactions, dark...Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.12 - What is the function of accessory pigments?Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.12 - Compare and contrast anoxygenic phototrophy and...Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 6CCCh. 11 - Prob. 1RCCh. 11 - Prob. 2RCCh. 11 - Prob. 3RCCh. 11 - Prob. 4RCCh. 11 - Prob. 5RCCh. 11 - Prob. 6RCCh. 11 - How would you isolate a thermophilic...Ch. 11 - Certain chemicals block ATP synthesis by allowing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3ALCh. 11 - Review the description of the Berkeley Pit Lake in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5AL
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- What Is the Molecular Architecture of PhotosyntheticReaction Centersarrow_forwardWhat is the overall purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis?arrow_forwardMelvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?arrow_forward
- What is so special about thylakoid membranes (and chloroplasts in general) that allow it to be the site for photosynthetic activity in plants?arrow_forwardIn the photosynthesis lab, a group of students found that in the blue light condition, there was a change in absorbance (ΔA620) of 0.324 in extracted spinach chloroplasts. The students later went on a hike and located a plant they had never seen before and were interested in how the photosynthesis rates would compare to their experiment with spinach chloroplasts. They extracted chloroplasts of the unknown green-leaved plant and exposed them to the same experimental conditions as before. The students calculated the ΔA620 to be 0.100. Which plant (spinach or unknown) has the highest rate of photosynthesis? Explain your answer using evidence, being sure to demonstrate your understanding of the dependent variable.arrow_forwardChlorophyll a and chlorophyll b both play roles in photosynthesis. Using no more than one sentence to respond for each segment, please: 1) Outline the roles/functions that chlorophyll b play that are different from those for chlorophyll a 2) Outline the roles/functions that chlorophyll a play that are different from those for chlorophyll barrow_forward
- What is the chemical species that is transferred through the light reactions? (Box A) What energy-rich compound is produced by the actions of the cytochrome complex? (Box B) What is the compound (Box C) used to donate electrons to the photosystems, and which gives rise to 2H+ and O2. What energy is used to energise the light reactions? (Box D) What is the product of the reaction that is occurring at NADP+ reductase? (Box E) Provide names for structures i and iiarrow_forwardHow is the excited state energy of a chlorophyll molecule used to drive the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly sequences the steps of non-cyclic electron transport? a) Chlorophyll molecules absorb UV radiation exciting electrons which flow through photosystem I, returning to the chlorophyll molecules b) Electrons donated from water molecules pass through photosystem I then photosystem II before returning to the chlorophyll molecules, generating ATP in the process c) Water is oxidized by the capture of light energy; these excited electrons are passed through the dark reactions, returning to chlorophyll during the final light reactions d) The ATP and NADPH generated by the reactions of photosystem II and photosystem I are utilized by the Calvin Cycle to build high energy glucose moleculesarrow_forward
- What happens to a chlorophyll molecule when it absorbs photons?arrow_forwardAtrazine is one of the world’s most used herbicides. It functions by bonding to and disabling a protein in photosystem II. Plants treated with this herbicide die via starvation. Based on this information, what is also true about atrazine-treated plants? a) Only non-cyclic electron flow is possible. b) There is not enough ATP created to fuel the Calvin cycle. c) The plants can switch to C4 pathways. d) The chloroplast is disabled.arrow_forward1) When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle? b)When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle?arrow_forward
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