hyperpolarization                                                  repolarization                                                  depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)

Q: Action potentials and graded potentials both… A) Propagate long distances through neural structures,…

A: Answer : A) Propagate long distances through neural structures, without attenuation in their…

Q: Read the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and…

A: B and C

Q: Subject: Neurophysiology  Many people thought that the inwardly rectifying K+ channel allows K to…

A: Movement of ions through specific ion channels in the membranes of specialized cells like the…

Q: neuron

A: An action potential is triggered by a graded potential that causes the membrane to depolarize until…

Q: A common feature of action potentials is that they(A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then…

A: Plasma membrane always try to maintain potential difference between the sides of the extracellular…

Q: Draw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion…

A: An action potential (AP) occurs when the membrane potential of a particular cell position rises…

Q: Action potentials are normally initiated at the axon hillock because a. there is a particularly high…

A: When the membrane potential of a given cell location rapidly rises and falls, an action potential…

Q: For a nerve fibre axoplasmic and extracellular ion concentrations were found to be respectively:…

A: An equilibrium environment should be maintained both inside and outside the cell to function…

Q: Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action…

A: The relative refractory period is that the interval of your time throughout that a second action…

Q: Receptors for serotonin and many other neurotransmitters (a) are voltage-activated ion channels (b)…

A: Neurotransmitters like serotonin are responsible for the conduction of the impulses across the…

Q: toxin creates pores that are permeable to Ca2+. Describe its immediate effect on the resting…

A: Action potential the action potential is defined as the rapid rise and fall in the membrane…

Q: Using the figure of an action potential provided, place the following main steps in the generation…

A: Nerve impulse refers to an electrical or chemical signal that is transmitted along in a fibre. The…

Q: Which one of these is an example of an excitatory postynaptic potential in a typical neuron? a) A…

A: Introduction EPSPs Are Connected With A Transmitter-induced Increase In The Synaptic Membrane's Na+…

Q: А X Information given: An EPSP from neuron A causes a 10 mV change (from RMP); an IPSP from neuron B…

A: A stimulus is generated due to the sudden environmental changes which can excite a nerve or an…

Q: The extracellular sodium [Na+]0 is reduced in the saline bath. Following another current injection…

A: Polar large size molecules (glucose, amino acids) and Ions (Na+, H+,k+, Ca+) can't pass…

Q: The potential difference that must be met in order for an action potential to be generated When the…

A: Action potential An action potential is defined as an electric impulse that travels down through a…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding polarized membranes is incorrect? a. There is a…

A: At rest, the ionic composition of the interior and outside of a neuronal membrane varies. As a…

Q: What is the point A on the graph? Define this term. B) What ions are moving at B on the graph, what…

A: Action potential An action potential is defined as the sudden rise and fall in the membrane…

Q: Describe the events that occur during action potential  ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Explanation of how…

A: Action potential is defined as the sudden, fast, propagating change of resting membrane potential…

Q: What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of…

A: Ans:- the option is (c)-the voltage gated sodium chennel.

Q: In an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM.…

A: In the presence and absence of an impulse, the nerve cells exist in two states known as action…

Q: Depolarization and repolarization changes that occur during the action potential are produced by…

A: Introduction: Just neurons and muscle cells are fit for creating an action potential and that…

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential?

A: Sodium –potassium pump is one of the major biochemical pathways leading to critical physiological…

Q: 1) What is responsible for returning the cell to its normal resting membrane potential following the…

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system that carry electrical stimuli throughout the body.…

Q: When summation of multiple graded synaptic potentials occurs which of the following would…

A: Post synaptic potentials or PSPs are called excitatory (or EPSPs) in case they increase the…

Q: After the depolarisation phase of an action potential, the resting potential is restored by ______.

A: Introduction An action potential is defined as a sudden fall or rise in the potential of the…

Q: Use this illustration to place these events in the order they occur during synaptic communication:…

A: The above image shows the transmission of nerve impulses across a synapse. A synapse is a small…

Q: Describe the events of an action potential in terms of ions and gates or channels beginning with the…

A: ACTION POTENTIAL is electrical impulse required to bring about the response to a stimulus.  For the…

Q: You have a photoreceptor cell in a dish. You are recording its membrane potential while flashing…

A: Answer :- Option (B) is correct. - The cell depolarizes, with brighter light causing more…

Q: ) Neurons cannot respond during the absolute refractory period because: a) the concentration…

A: The absolute refractory period starts immediately after the initiation of the action potential and…

Q: The equilibrium potential for K* in neurons is ordinarily nearest- A. the equilibrium potential for…

A: The correct option is B - resting potential

Q: Refer to the graph showing the course of an action potential. Which of the numbered points along the…

A: As the membrane potential is increased, sodium ion channels open, allowing the entry of sodium ions…

Q: Use Figure Q1(b) of an action potential to answer questions (1) until (iv) below. Choose the correct…

A: Nerve impulse refers to an electrical or chemical signal that is transmitted along  a fibre. The…

Q: Nerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential a)Is the movement of membrane potential…

A: The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit…

Q: Assume a neuron's membrane potential is -60 mV, what's the net consequence on the membrane potential…

A: Action potentials are produced by axons and transmitted to local neurons. When a local neuron gets…

Q: Explain the time course of the opening and closing of v-g Na+ and K+ channels during the action…

A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question.  Answer : The Opening And Closing Of Of Voltage Gated Na+ and k+…

Q: The primary difference between an EPSP and an IPSP is the a) overall speed b) degree of effect c)…

A: EPSP = Excitatory postsynaptic potential.  IPSP = Inhibitory postsynaptic potential .   EPSP…

Q: One EPSP from neuron A depolarizes the initial segment of a neuron by +2 mV, one EPSP from neuron B…

A: 4) Mechanism of nerve conduction : • The action potential in pre synaptic neuron reaches its…

Q: Which best defines depolarization?   A. At first polarity is reversed the continues until the…

A: Polarization is the existence of opposite electrical charges on either side of a cell membrane.…

Q: Refer to the figure below to explain the mediation of action potentials by neurons using sodium and…

A: Action potential consists of six phases, resting stage, rising phase, overshoot phase, falling…

Q: Indicate the specific events that are occurring at 1,2,3 and 4. B. At which area of the graph are…

A: We are allowed to do upto three subpart of a question please repost the undone question again. Thank…

Q: Match the stages of action potential with the appropriate image or description. < When the sodium…

A: A difference in the electric potential exists between the interior of a cell and its exterior. This…

Q: Sequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first…

A: Action potentials are those electrical impulses that send certain specific signals around your body…

Q: Answer the following questions in regards to chemically gated ion channels in neurons: a. What is…

A: Gated ion channels are present on the membrane of a cell and cell organelles. These are of different…

Q: Many neurotransmitters trigger depolarisation by binding their receptors and gating an ion channel…

A: Answer: Neurons are like electrical devices, having many channels sitting in the cell membrane(the…

Q: The following graph shows that if a neuron is depolarized briefly and then hyperpolarized slightly,…

A: In nerve cells, Na+ is important for generation of the action potential. As the Na+ current is…

Q: The axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes…

A: Potential for action is a fast reversal of membrane potential in which the membrane potential shifts…

Q: Indicate the specific events that are occurring at 1,2,3 and 4. B. At which area of the graph are…

A: Action potentials are nerve messages. Neurons produce and convey these signals through their…

Q: Define the following terms: a. Resting membrane potential b. Graded membrane potential c. Action…

A: The nervous system is a complex system of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons. Neurons are…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.