Which statement best describes how molecular complementarity enables specificity during a signaling event? The molecular shape of two molecules should have a small amount of complementarity. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves weak interactions at multiple different sites. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves strong interactions at multiple different sites. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves covalent interactions at multiple different sites.

You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand:   LDMKTAG   In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…

The G-protein Ras is involved in proliferative signaling, and is mutated is a large fraction of human cancers. Almost all mutations in Ras mutate the glycine at codon 12. These mutations lock Ras in an active conformation. How will the GTPase activity of a Ras protein with a G12 mutation compare to a normal Ras protein without the mutation? (10 words maximum)

Which of the following would you expect to happen if there were a mutation in the Iron Response Element (IRE) that prevented IRE-binding proteins from binding to the IRE.  The ferritin gene will only be translated with a low concentration of iron The ferritin gene will only be translated with a high concentration of iron The ferritin gene will be translated, regardless of the concentration of iron, The ferritin gene will not be translated, regardless of the concentration of iron

98. The correct sequence of cell signaling is

What is an "orphaned response regulator?" O A response regulator that is nonfunctional because it has no partner histidine kinase O A response regulator whose partner histidine kinase is unknown O A fusion of a response regulator and a histidine kinase to create a single functional protein O A response regulator whose partner histidine kinase is not placed side by side with it in the genome

What is the function of a protein kinase? What amino acids are often phosphorylated by kinases?