Chapter 10, Problem 122A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the shape and structure of the given molecule.

Concept Introduction: The dots surrounding an element's symbol are a depiction of the valence electrons of that element, or electron dot structure. The valence electrons of the atom are equal to the number of dots in the electron dot structure.

Answer to Problem 122A

The shape is pyramidal and

  

Explanation of Solution

There are 8 valence electrons in the PH3 Lewis structure. Just two valence electrons are required for hydrogen (H) to have a complete outer shell. Given that P and N are in the same group on the periodic table, the Lewis structure of PH3 and NH3 are similar.

Shape: Pyramidal

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the shape and structure of the given molecule.

Concept Introduction: The dots surrounding an element's symbol are a depiction of the valence electrons of that element, or electron dot structure. The valence electrons of the atom are equal to the number of dots in the electron dot structure.

Answer to Problem 122A

The shape is liner and

  

Explanation of Solution

One carbon atom, one oxygen atom, two pi bonds, and one sigma bond make up one molecule of carbon monoxide.

Shape: Linear

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the shape and structure of the given molecule.

Concept Introduction: The dots surrounding an element's symbol are a depiction of the valence electrons of that element, or electron dot structure. The valence electrons of the atom are equal to the number of dots in the electron dot structure.

Answer to Problem 122A

The shape is liner and

  

Explanation of Solution

The ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ Lewis structure has 16 valence electrons. The center of this structure should include carbon, which has the lowest electronegative charge. In order to fill the carbon octet in the Lewis structure for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ , double bonds between the carbon (C) and sulfur (S) atoms are necessary.

Shape: Linear

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the shape and structure of the given molecule.

Concept Introduction: The dots surrounding an element's symbol are a depiction of the valence electrons of that element, or electron dot structure. The valence electrons of the atom are equal to the number of dots in the electron dot structure.

Answer to Problem 122A

The shape is Tetrahedral and the structure is:

  

Explanation of Solution

The five standard steps for writing Lewis’s dot structures are used to derive the Lewis dot structure for ${\text{CF}}_{\text{4}}$ as follows. The total number of valence electrons from all the atoms in the molecule must first be added up. This equals 4 X 1 atom (C) + 7 X 4 atoms (F) for the compound ${\text{CF}}_{\text{4}}$ .

Shape: Tetrahedral