Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.3CC
As pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle, only one ATP molecule is formed. What happens to the rest of the chemical energy in pyruvate that is released when pyruvate is oxidized?
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 10 - Aerobic respiration uses an external electron...Ch. 10 - Working with 3-D TEM often involves the difficult...Ch. 10 - Explain how the location and organization of the...Ch. 10 - As pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2 in the...Ch. 10 - Why are the electron carriers in the ETS arranged...Ch. 10 - How is the chemical energy that is released as...Ch. 10 - How does the ATP synthase complex convert the...Ch. 10 - Where do the 38 ATP molecules produced during...Ch. 10 - Localization of Molecules and Functions Within the...Ch. 10 - Localization of Molecules and Functions Within the...
Ch. 10 - True or False. Indicate whether each of the...Ch. 10 - Mitochondrial Transport. For aerobic respiration,...Ch. 10 - Completing the Pathway. In each of the following...Ch. 10 - QUANTITATIVE The Calculating Cell Biologist. Use...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.7PSCh. 10 - Regulation of Catabolism. Explain the advantage to...Ch. 10 - Lethal Synthesis. The leaves of Dichapetalum...Ch. 10 - QUANTITATIVE Oxidation of Saturated Fatty Acids....Ch. 10 - Oxidation of Cytosolic NADH. In some eukaryotic...Ch. 10 - Brown Fat and Thermogenin. Most newborn mammals,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.13PS
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- How many molecules of CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are releasedper pyruvate oxidized in the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardthreose-4 phosphate (a 4 carbon aldose) is fed into glycolysis after a decarboxylation reaction that uses an NAD+ to generate a 3 carbon aldose. How many ATP and NADH are generated by breaking down this molecule to pyruvate?arrow_forwardOutline the conditions that direct pyruvate toward the following:(a) Entry into the citric acid cycle(b) Conversion to ethanol and CO2(c) Conversion to lactate(d) Glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis)In what tissues or organisms is each pathway present?arrow_forward
- Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to form acetate, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA. Determine how many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 mol of ethanol. (Note that 2 mol of NADH are produced when ethanol is oxidized to form acetate.)arrow_forwardThe end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, cannot enter as such into the citric acid cycle. Which process converts this C3 compound to a C2 compound?arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed?arrow_forward
- The citric acid cycle is a critical sequence of reactions for energy production, which take place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The reaction cycle requires materials from the cytosol to be converted into acetyl CoA, which represents the starting point of a new cycle. Which of the following statements about acetyl CoA is true? (a) Acetyl CoA is recycled at the end of every cycle. (b) Oxaloacetate is attached to acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycle. (c) Triacylglycerol molecules are transported into the mitochondrial matrix and cleaved by lipases to produce acetyl CoA. (d) Oxaloacetate is converted directly into acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cyclearrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle converts each acetyl-CoA to [1/2/3/4] molecules of CO2. This pathway is considered [catabolic/anabolic] because it breaks down acetyl-CoA into smaller molecules and [catabolic/anabolic] because the intermediates are building blocks for other metabolites in the cell. The citric acid cycle produces [1/2/3] NADH and [1/2/3] FADH2 for every acetyl-CoA consumed. help fill in the blanksarrow_forwardWhen the acetyl-CoA produced during β-oxidation in the liver exceeds the capacity of the citric acid cycle, the excess acetyl-CoA forms ketone bodies—acetone, acetoacetate, and D-b-hydroxybutyrate. This occurs in severe, uncontrolled diabetes: because the tissues cannot use glucose, they oxidize large amounts of fatty acids instead. Although acetyl-CoA is not toxic, the mitochondrion must divert the acetyl-CoA to ketone bodies. What problem would arise if acetyl-CoA were not converted to ketone bodies? How does the diversion to ketone bodies solve the problem?arrow_forward
- Which enzymes of the citric acid cycle are missing from the glyoxylate cycle?arrow_forwardAssuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of three molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)arrow_forwardAfter pyruvate enters the mitochondria, what would be the maximum number of ATP molecules produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate ?arrow_forward
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