Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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The citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed?
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- How many Carbon atoms are fully oxidized during each turn of the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardAll the enzymes that participate in the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix, except for which enzyme? 1. aconitase 2. succinate dehydrogenase 3. fumarase 4. malate dehydrogenasearrow_forwardWhy is it reasonable for excess NADH to negatively regulate the citric acid cycle?arrow_forward
- a) What carbon-containing molecule exits the citric acid cycle? Why doesn’t your body capture the carbon-containing molecule you identified in part (a) and use that molecule to build new sugars and fats? Explain your answer. You have just created a new enzyme that will make the citric acid cycle more efficient! Instead of the citric acid cycle taking 8 steps, all of the bonds between the carbon atoms will be broken in only one step! Is this a good idea? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhen proteins are digested for fuel, they are first broken down into their amino acid components. Amino acids can be further oxidized to generate useful energy for the cell. For example, when one molecule of the amino acid tryptophan is oxidized, one pyruvate molecule and one acetyl CoA molecule are generated. One NADH molecule is also generated during the oxidation of tryptophan into one pyruvate molecule and one acetyl CoA molecule. Below is the general reaction described in the prompt: 1 tryptophan --> 1 pyruvate + 1 acetyl CoA + 1 NADHarrow_forwardIn oxidative phosphorylation, how many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of NADH in the mitochondrion?arrow_forward
- Why does NADH generated in the cytosol in different tissues produce two different amounts of ATP at the electron transport chain?arrow_forwardRegarding cellular metabolism, mark the true statements: (a). Electrons from the oxidation of glycolysis are transferred to O2 in the TCA cycle (b).Flow in the citric acid cycle increases when the intracellular ratio [NADH/NAD+] is high (c).In microbial cells, the glyoxylate pathway indirectly allows the conversion of fatty acids into glucose (d).Anaplerotic reactions are enzymatic reactions whose kinetics do not follow the Michaelis-Menten model. (e).Gluconeogenesis is the pathway of glucose production from different precursors, such as glycerol, some amino acids and lactatearrow_forwardWhat one carbon waste product of cellular respiration is formed as the 3 carbon product of glycolysis enters the mitochondria and becomes a 2 carbon Acetyl CoA?arrow_forward
- The citric acid cycle is a cyclical Metabolic pathway located in the chloroplast. true or false?arrow_forwardExplain why pyruvate does not enter the mitochondrion in the absence of oxygen?arrow_forwardHow many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced by one molecule of glucose proceeding through the citric acid cycle?arrow_forward
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