Which of the following are differences between prokaryotic DNA replication and eukaryotic DNA replication? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices: 1. Eukaryotic DNA is linear, while prokaryotic DNA is circular and undergoes theta replication 2. Eukaryotic genomes often have multiple chromosomes, while prokaryotic genomes are usually only made up of one chromosome 3. DNA polymerase 3 adds dNTPs to the growing DNA strand in eukaryotes, while DNA polymerase 2 adds dNTPs to the growing DNA strand in prokaryotes

Semi-discontinuous replication means that:     DNA synthesis only occurs in the same direction as the replication fork.     the double helix unwinds and each strand serves as a template for a new DNA molecule.     there are Okazaki fragments associated with the leading strand.     DNA synthesis occurs in both a 5’ to 3’ and a 3’ to 5’ direction.     there is both a leading and a lagging strand associated with each replication fork.

Why do we find multiple, short RNA pieces inserted into the lagging DNA strand during DNA replication?   Question 43 options:   the DNA polymerase is replaced by the RNA polymerase in these regions for unknown reasons   the DNA polymerase doesn't copy flawless and adds sometime uracil instead of thymine to the growing daughter nucleotide strand   multiple RNA primers have been added with the help of the primase enzyme to create multiple start sites for  the DNA polymerase   Retroviruses sometimes like to insert their RNA into the replication fork and favor the lagging strand   multiple RNA pieces are most likely found in the leading not the lagging strand during DNA replication

Replication in eukaryotes begins at the OriC sequence. This particular sequence is characterized by (select the correct statements): A-T rich and therefore energetically more favourable to localy unwind DNA. Contains the DnaA boxes. Recruits histone acetyltransferases. Is locally unwound by DnaA, HU and IHF proteins. QUESTION 16 The Single Strand-binding proteins (SSBS) in prokaryotes and the Replication Protein A (RPA) in eukaryotes are functionally equivalent. Their role in the DNA replication process is to (select the correct statement): Stabilize the single stranded DNA structure after unwinding by the DNA helicase. Recruit the general transcription factors to the promoter. Relieve the torsional stress ahead of the replication fork. Induce double strand breaks. O O O O O O O

In DNA replication, the fundamental reason that Okasaki fragments are produced is that Group of answer choices DNA replication can proceed only in the 5’ to 3’ direction replication on the leading strand is slower than replication on the lagging strand DNA polymerase tends to slip while replicating the lagging strand DNA polymerase has to alternate between the leading and lagging strands during replication none of these are true.

How would a scientist, observing a prokaryote and a eukaryote replicating their DNA, be able to distinguish the two? Group of answer choices Prokaryotic replication does not require a primer. Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, while eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple origins of replication. DNA polymerases of prokaryotes can add nucleotides to both 3' and 5' ends of DNA strands, while those of eukaryotes function only in the 5' --> 3' direction. DNA replication in prokaryotic cells is conservative. DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is semi-conservative.

Bacterial and eukaryotic replication, have many similarities. Which of the following is not a true comparison?   Group of answer choices Both form loops with the lagging strand template to accommodate the antiparallel nature of DNA. Both incorporate a sliding clamp mechanism in their replication polymerase. Both initiate replication with recognition of conserved sequences, where the DNA will first open up (using proteins) Both have a primer made only of ribonucleotides, and then exhibit polymerase switching to the replicative polymerase.

Which of the following is correct about the function of DNA Ligase? DNA ligase is used on the leading strand and it joins any disconnected strand together O DNA ligase is used on the lagging strand which helps in joining fragments of the strand together O DNA ligase is used on the lagging strand and it aids in correcting mistakes on this specific strand O DNA ligase is used to maintain the replication fork structure

Name and explain 5 modes of hormonal/neuroendocrine and neuronal signaling. Choose one and describe in a great detail listing cells, receptors, organs, and pathway.

The image below shows the replication bubble of a piece of DNA in the process of replication. However, the image only shows the DNA strands being replicated. Fill in the rest of the elements of the figure, specifically: primers, Okazaki fragments, newly replicated leading strand DNA, as well as the enzymes helicase, primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I and ligase. Also be sure to indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends of all nucleic acid polymers.