Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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The image below shows the replication bubble of a piece of DNA in the process of replication. However, the image only shows the DNA strands being replicated. Fill in the rest of the elements of the figure, specifically: primers, Okazaki fragments, newly replicated leading strand DNA, as well as the enzymes helicase, primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I and ligase. Also be sure to indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends of all
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- Name the bacterial enzyme that takes over new strand synthesis in replication after the primer is formed. Please include any number that is applicable. DNA polymerase omega DNA polymerase II DNA Polymerase epsilon DNA polymerase delta O DNA Polymerase Iarrow_forwardBelow is a picture that depicts transcription. Shown is the DNA double helix, the replication bubble, RNA polymerase, and the growing RNA molecule. The ends of each nucleic acid are indicated by the labels I-VI. Which labels correspond to 3' ends? I II DNA V OI and III OI, IV, and V O II, III, and VI OV and VI O I, III, V, and VII RNA VI RNA polymerase III IVarrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- Match the bold DNA repair response(s) to the triggering type of DNA damage. Homologous Recombination Mishmatch Repair Base Excision Repair Nucleotide Excision Repair Non-homologous End Joining Single-strand DNA breaks Removal of repair lesions such as photoproducts caused by UV including Thymine dimers Double-Strand Break repair mechanism which is an accurate repair mechanism without any introduction of insertions or deletions. It requires a sister chromatid as a template. This repair mechanism uses just DNA glycosylase to remove Uracil (no other enzymes or complexes are required) then DNA polymerase can use the template stand to add the complementary base where the Uracil has been removedInterstrand Crosslink Repair This repair mechanism is used to recognize and repair mis-incorporation of base that can arise during DNA replication. Removal and replacement of modifying bases such as Uracil, 8-hyroxyguanine and others. Double-strand Break that is termed as “Quick and Dirty” as it is…arrow_forwardDNA polymerases are processive, which means that they remain tightly associated with the template strand while moving rapidly and adding nucleotides to the growing daughter stand. Which piece of the replication machinery accounts for this characteristic? Helicase Sliding Clamp Single Stranded Binding Protein Primasearrow_forwardWhich of the following enzymes ensures that the correct base of a deoxynucleotide for growing the chain is aligned with template chain? DNA gyrases DNA ligases DNA polymerases primasesarrow_forward
- An Investigator obtains a bacterial temperature-sensitive mutation that affects a step in the process of DNA replication at 42°C but not at 30°C. She grows the cells at 30°C and, upon shifting the temperature to 42 C, she discovers that Okazaki fragments accumulate in unusually large quantities. What is the likely target affected by the temperature-sensitive mutation? DNA gyrase DNA polymerase II O DNA Ligase O primase DNA helicasearrow_forwardAn Investigator obtains a bacterial temperature-sensitive mutation that affects a step in the process of DNA replication at 42°C but not at 30°C. She grows the cells at 30°C and, upon shifting the temperature to 42°C, she discovers that the DNA remains double- stranded at the replication forks. What is the likely target affected by the temperature-sensitive mutation? DNA Ligase DNA polymerase lII primase DNA gyrase Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB)arrow_forwardDescribe how replication makes copies of DNA. Include the following: helicase polymerase primase and primer ligase leading strand lagging strand base pairing rule (a-t, c-g) nucelotide nucleus semiconservativearrow_forward
- describe what the process of replication of DNA based off of this picture.arrow_forwardDNA polymerase 1 has 5' - 3' polymerase activity. 5'-3' exonuclease activity and 3'-5' exonuclease activity necessary for DNA replication. Mutations in the gene that encodes DNA polymerase 1 may cause the enzyme to lose its function. Match the consequence of the lost function mutation to the corresponding lost activity.arrow_forwardWhat is/are the attributes that make nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) similar and/or different from each other? Select the correct response: The NER pathway is the only one that can remove DNA lesions in the strand regardless of their size which is followed by attaching the correct strand, then sealed by a DNA ligase. They both use the enzyme DNA glycosylases that recognizes the damaged DNA segments and proceed with repairing the faulty base in the strand. They differ NER only repairs purine bases while BER repairs pyrimidine bases. They both remove the damaged parts of the DNA where the BER pathway corrects only the identified damaged bases which are usually non-bulky lesions. The NER pathway, on the other hand, repairs the damage by removal of bulky DNA adducts which is a short-single stranded DNA segment. They both utilize the enzyme photolyase to reverse the damages created by the faulty section of the DNA. They both remove the damaged parts of the…arrow_forward
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