A healthy intestinal mucosa is one in which induced adaptive immune responses to pathogenic infections are balanced by the lack of responses to innocuous food antigens and commensal microbes. This balance is maintained by an array of different subsets of effector T cells and regulatory T cells that reside in the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. Although these different T cell subsets have diverse patterns of cytokine production and other effector functions, they share O The ability to inactivate dendritic cells that have received signals through pattern recognition receptors O The ability to bind to E-cadherin on the intestinal epithelial cells O The expression of gut-homing chemokine receptor, CCR9 O The ability to setrete immunosuppressive cytokines Analysis of human milk from lactating mothers shows that it contains IgA antibodies against infections that were recent (<3 weeks earlier) and those from the distant past (>1 year). These antibodies are directed against a host of organisms, including viruses, such as enteroviruses, herpes simplex viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, rubella, reovirus, and rotavirus. In addition, IgA antibodies against many bacteria are found in human milk, including those reactive to E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholerae, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, C. botulinum, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. IgA antibodies to the parasite Giardia and the fungus, Candida albicans, are also seen in human milk. Since most of the up in breast milk by: infections were localized in the gastrointestinal tract of the mother, these IgA antibodies ended The trafficking of germinal center B cells from the mother's mesenteric lymph nodes to the breast epithelium O The ability of gut-primed activated B cells to traffic to all secondary lymphold tissues in the mother O The ability of activated B cells primed in the spleen to switch to IgA secretion after entering the mother's lactating milk gland O The trafficking of gut-primed activated B cells from the mother's circulation into the lactating milk gland

A healthy intestinal mucosa is one in which induced adaptive immune responses to pathogenic infections are balanced by the lack of responses to innocuous food antigens and commensal microbes. This balance is maintained by an array of different subsets of effector T cells and regulatory T cells that reside in the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. Although these different T cell subsets have diverse patterns of cytokine production and other effector functions, they share O The ability to inactivate dendritic cells that have received signals through pattern recognition receptors O The ability to bind to E-cadherin on the intestinal epithelial cells O The expression of gut-homing chemokine receptor, CCR9 O The ability to setrete immunosuppressive cytokines Analysis of human milk from lactating mothers shows that it contains IgA antibodies against infections that were recent (<3 weeks earlier) and those from the distant past (>1 year). These antibodies are directed against a host of organisms, including viruses, such as enteroviruses, herpes simplex viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, rubella, reovirus, and rotavirus. In addition, IgA antibodies against many bacteria are found in human milk, including those reactive to E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholerae, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, C. botulinum, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. IgA antibodies to the parasite Giardia and the fungus, Candida albicans, are also seen in human milk. Since most of the up in breast milk by: infections were localized in the gastrointestinal tract of the mother, these IgA antibodies ended The trafficking of germinal center B cells from the mother's mesenteric lymph nodes to the breast epithelium O The ability of gut-primed activated B cells to traffic to all secondary lymphold tissues in the mother O The ability of activated B cells primed in the spleen to switch to IgA secretion after entering the mother's lactating milk gland O The trafficking of gut-primed activated B cells from the mother's circulation into the lactating milk gland

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SQE

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