Select the correct order of the following steps in IP3 signaling: + IP3 binds to ligand-gated calcium channels on the ER membrane + Calcium is released into the cytosol Calcium activates calcium-binding proteins Phospholipase C catalyzes the synthesis of IP3 The ligand binds to the receptor * The G protein swaps out GDP for GTP Phospholipase C is activated

Select the correct order of the following steps in IP3 signaling: + IP3 binds to ligand-gated calcium channels on the ER membrane + Calcium is released into the cytosol Calcium activates calcium-binding proteins Phospholipase C catalyzes the synthesis of IP3 The ligand binds to the receptor * The G protein swaps out GDP for GTP Phospholipase C is activated

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12RQ: Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway...

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Component X. Glucose molecules released. Component T. Activated phosphorylase kinase. X Component B. CAMP molecules generated. Epinephrine ligand binds to its Component Z. receptor. Activated glycogen Component D. phosphorylase. II II II
QUESTION 6 Which of the following correctly describes a second messenger? O A protein, such as a G-protein, that is switched 'on' upon ligand binding to receptor. O An enzyme that is activated upon ligand binding to receptor. An enzyme responsible for the cellular effects of a signal transduction pathway, like Protein Kinase A or Glycogen Phosphorylase. O None of the above QUESTION 7 As we learned in class, protein phosphatases catalyze removal of phosphate groups from proteins. How would the activity of a protein pho cell's response to growth factors? Decrease glucose production O Increase glucose production O Decrease proliferation Increase proliferation QUESTION 8 Which of the following reactions can we say is definitely energetically favorable, i.e. it can go without an input of energy? O One in which TAS > 0 One in which AS > 0 AOne in which AG<0
Question 13 Which of the following is a property of signaling for epinephrine, growth hormone, GIP and somatostatin? A. Conversion to an active form in the target tissue OB. Cell surface receptor binding OC. Diffusion into the cell nucleus OD. Inhibition of a tyrosine kinase O E. Activation of transcription
Question 15 Arrange signalling cascade events in chronological order. Release of Ca2* ions triggered by IP3 release Dissociation of GTP from alpha-subunit in G proteins Sweet molecules binds to G-protein coupled receptors. v Activation of phospholipase C >
Pathway divergence occurs when: signaling pathways use a common intermediate one signaling pathway triggers another O signaling pathways produce the same outcome signaling pathways split to produce multiple outcomes Question 8 Where are receptor tyrosine kinases usually phosphorylated? O tyrosine residues in the allosteric regulatory portion tyrosine residues in the N-terminal portion tyrosine residues in the transmembrane portion O tyrosine residues in the C-terminal portion
Question 4 Which of the following contain statements that are both correct? Increase in CAMP and IP3 levels promotes increase in intracellular Ca*2 ions. Phytochemicals that elicit sweet sensation are considered natural sweeteners. O Each taste buds contain only one taste receptor cell type, which results to a predominant taste modality on specific tongue locations. In a 250g carbohydrate meal, a total of 1 kcal of energy is produced. O Ligand binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) promotes the activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins. G-proteins are activated through direct phophorylation of GDP that bound to the a-subunit. O Aspartame triggers the cellular signaling cascade via activation of CAMP as secondary messenger. Primary role of non-nutritive sweeteners is to provide energy for the body.
QUESTION 56 PDGF HILL 100 PI3K PI3K 751 50 GAP O O GAP 771 protein Psite 1 2 PTP O 1009 O PTP PI3K 740, 751 GAP 771 1021 PTP 1009 PLC PLC PLC-y 1021 When activated by ligand binding, the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) receptor becomes phosphorylated on 5 tyrosine residues (left figure). These phosphorylated tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 domains (SH2 domains bind phosphorylated Y). These proteins include phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma), a phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), a Ras GTPase- Activating Protein (GAP), and a phosphotidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). PDGF stimulates several changes in the target cell, one of which is DNA synthesis. To determine which effectors of the PDGF receptor is/are responsible for stimulating DNA synthesis, you construct several mutant forms of the receptor that retain individual or combinations of the phosphorylation sites. You express these in cells and monitor DNA synthesis. The results are shown the right figure.…
QUESTION 14 What switches off an activated G protein? A molecule of GDP replaces the GTP. There is an enzyme that reassembles the trimeric G protein. Ca2+ ions activate CAMKII, which inactivates the protein. The protein contains intrinsic GTPase activity which converts GTP to GDP. A phosphorylase enzyme removes the phosphate from the GTP.
QUESTION 23 With regard to the action of phospholipases C-B and C-y on phosphatidyl inositol, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: The products of the reaction can stimulate Ca2+ release. The reaction products resulting from phospholipase C activity stimulate adenyl cyclase Phospholipase C-B and C-y are activated by different receptor families which lie upstream of these lipases. The enzymes cut between the diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol phosphate (IP3) moieties. Phospholipase C-B and C-y are both calcium dependent.
QUESTION 13 Which of these is a 2nd messenger? OBa O CAMP O Calmodulin OCalcitonin
The properties of two types of organization of kinases (held in a signaling complex by a scaffolding protein and the other kinases are freely diffusible) in terms of signal amplification, speed, and potential for cross-talk between signaling pathways.
QUESTION 3 Some hormones bind to ion channels on neurons and cause them to open. This would be an example of a: O ligand-gated channel mechanically gated channel voltage-gated channel none of the above are correct