With regard to the action of phospholipases C-B and C-y on phosphatidyl inositol, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: The products of the reaction can stimulate Ca2+ release. The reaction products resulting from phospholipase C activity stimulate adenyl cyclase O Phospholipase C-Bß and C-y are activated by different receptor families which lie upstream of these lipases. The enzymes cut between the diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol phosphate (IP3) moieties. Phospholipase C-B and C-y are both calcium dependent.

Q: Write schematically the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine. What…

A: Lipids are chemically diverse group that have two things in common: low solubility in water and high…

Q: What do you think the carrying capacity is, and what should be do about a growing population?

A: In population demographic study the carrying capacity is a very important terms. It is used to…

Q: What are the three steps by which receptor tyrosine kinases typically convey an extracellular signal…

A: Answer :  The three steps involved are :- Step1) Ligand Reduction : The receptors present in the…

Q: With the aid of diagrams describe the signalling pathway involving inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate from…

A: Membrane phospholipids can act as precursors from which second messengers can be produced during…

Q: What function do the cysteines serve in the structure of an opioid receptor? (think protein…

A: For instance, consider the general mechanism of binding of a ligand molecule to the receptor site.…

Q: You perform a competition study on a GPCR. You have isolated the plasma membrane from cells which…

A: GPCR stands for G Protein-Coupled Receptor. It is a type of transmembrane receptor that spans the…

Q: Cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT…

A: Cytokine receptors are small signaling proteins that help in both immune response and cell…

Q: Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase…

A: Activities with constant changes in the environment. In doing so, organisms use a number of pathways…

Q: There is an unusually high concentration of phosphatidylcholine on the lumenal side of the ER. What…

A: Phosphatidylcholine is a type of phospholipid and forms a major component of biological membranes.…

Q: Discuss Signaling by Receptors that Interact with Cytoplasmic Janus Kinases?

A: Receptors are the surface proteins found on the plasma membrane of a cell. Receptors bind with the…

Q: You are studying a cell line that expresses both GPCR-A and G <-B, each receptc binds the same…

A: GPCR A increases cAMP and GPCR B decreases it. Hence any mutation affecting the GPCR B will be…

Q: Which of the following are activated either directly or indirectly by a heterotrimeric G protein…

A: Heterotrimeric  G proteins are membrane associated G proteins that form a heterotrimeric complex.It…

Q: What is allosteric regulation? Describe HOW allosteric regulation acts like an “on/off” switch for…

A: The cell signaling is the communication between cells that requires specific signaling molecules…

Q: explain in detail ephrin receptor EPHB2  receptor interaction with PDZ ligand. give full step by…

A: The PDZ domain is a small common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids.  It is found in the…

Q: Which of the following glucocorticoids is hydrocortisone and expected to have the LEAST binding…

A: Gluco-corticoids belong to the class of corticosteroids. They belong to the class of steroids. They…

Q: adrenaline adenylyl cyclase CYTOSOL GDP ATP dissociated R-subunit of PKA CAMP inactive PKA active…

A: The cell signalling process is the medium of communicating between different cells in our body and…

Q: The serine residues in acetyl CoA carboxylase that are the target of the AMP-activated protein…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids that contain a long aliphatic chain that could be either branched…

Q: Receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor can basically be broken…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a group of membrane-bound receptors that act as signal…

Q: phospholipase C hydrolysis of PIP2 leads to activation of Protein Kinase C.

A: Answer: Instead of adenylyl cyclase another enzyme called phospholipase C is activated by the…

Q: Draw the molecular structures of the products obtained when…

A: Phospholipases are the enzymes which serves for different functions. Phospholipase A1 enzyme…

Q: Which of these is not true about the beta-gamma subunit  of the heterotrimeric G protein often…

A: G-protein coupled receptors are 7 transmembrane proteins. These 7 transmembrane proteins have a…

Q: In a cat, guanylyl cyclase (which receptor that receives the first messenger and initiates the cell…

A: Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP (guanosine monophosphate) to cGMP…

Q: Some cancers are caused by the overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKS). It is known that…

A: Cancer: The abnormal growth of cells resulted from loosing the control on cell division in cell…

Q: The hormone glucagon binding to its receptor induces a signaling cascade that ends with…

A: The cellular concentration of fructose 2 , 6 bisphosphate is set by the relative rate of its…

Q: Sequentially list the signal transduction process from ligand binding to biological response for the…

A: Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of enzymes that cleave the membrane phospholipids at the position…

Q: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are second messenger molecules derived…

A: Activated phospholipase C catalyzes the breakdown of PI 4,5 bisphosphate into IP3 and DAG. Thrombin…

Q: 1. Ionotropic GABA receptors are ligand-gated Cl channels which open during GABA-ergic signaling. a)…

A: Introduction Neurons are specialized cells that are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.…

Q: Which of the following would you expect to happen if amino acids 579 to 582 (YIYV) in the PDGF-Beta…

A: PGDF beta-receptor contain multiple domains that activate the various pathways inside the cell. The…

Q: The

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Q: Describe the signal transduction pathway for Two or Three of the following: a) ß-adrenergic…

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Q: Which of the following epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors cannot bind ligands but will form…

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Q: Cholera is an acute, diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the gram-negative,…

A: Proteins are high molecular weight biomolecules made up of amino acid residues linked via peptide…

Q: 3 of 16 Which statement about the IP3ODAG pathway is false? O Diacylglycerol can act as a second…

A: IP3 stands for inositol triphosphate. DAG stands for diacylglycerol.

Q: what general features may make the C3b receptor suitable for binding C3b but not other ligands?

A: Complement C3b factor coats a bacterium and binds to C3b receptors on phagocytosis making the…

Q: GTPγS is a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP. Suppose this compound were added to a cell-free system…

A: Adrenergic signaling systems such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) use GTP hydrolysis for…

Q: What are the three main parts of a signaling pathway? Give a detailed specific example, such as how…

A: Cell signaling is part of the cellular communication process that regulates the basic activities of…

Q: In studies trying to understand the regulation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase, it was…

A: Understanding the intricate regulation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase is pivotal in…

Q: One of the pathways required for neural tube closure is the WNT signaling pathway. The WNT receptor…

A: The WNT signaling pathway is a complex and evolutionarily conserved cellular communication system…

Q: Suppose that Protein J which is a hypothetical protein kinase receptor was determined to be related…

A: Ligand is a molecule that binds to the biomolecule and forms a complex. In ligand-protein binding,…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.