Briefly describe the effects of positive and negative feedback loops on signalling pathway responses. How do the two loops functionally differ when pathway input stimulus shifts from present to absent?
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- explain in detail ephrin receptor EPHB2 receptor interaction with PDZ ligand. give full step by step explanantion.added ligand concentration of 10 µM is 5 × 10³ s¹. What is the value of the reverse rate constant k_1 = 1 ×10-4 Incorrect Macmillan Learning You have not correctly calculated the value of the reverse rate constant. To begin, calculate the value of k₁ by dividing the rate of receptor-ligand complex formation (the rate of the forward reaction) by the ligand concentration. k₁ = rate forward [L] Then, calculate the value of the reverse rate constant, k_₁, by multiplying the dissociation constant, Kd, and the forward rate constant, k₁. k_1 = Kak₁Arrange following the boxed information in sequence regarding the dissociation and reassociation of G proteins following the activation of a G protein coupled receptor. GTP-bound Ga, dissociates from B and y cuhunits Gas exchanges GTP for GDP Gas reassociates with By subunits and the rorentor reforms Binding of the ligand to a G-protein rounled recentor GTP-bound Gas binds and activates adenvlul rurlase GTP is hydrolyzed and GDP bound Gas suhunit dissoriates Conformational change Increased synthesis of CAMP from ATP
- Three potential inhibitors for VEGF were discussed in the signal transduction simulation. Explain two possible steps that these drugs can be expected to interfere with VEGF signaling (Hint: think about the requirements for signaling to occur).E: Using either GPCRs (G-protein couples receptors) or RTKs (Receptor tyrosine kinases), describe: 1. How ligand binding activates the receptor. Ex: which proteins are involved? what changes can occur to the receptor after binding the ligand? 2. A signal transduction pathway that occurs due to the ligand binding (must include a secondary messenger). 3. Any cellular response due to the ligand binding. 4. A way that the signal pathway is regulated.Explain in detail the funcations and signalling and activation of ephrin receptor EPHB2. Give step by step explanation
- Briefly explain the difference between a receptor antagonist and a receptor inverse agonist. Describe both the resulting receptor conformation as well as the signal transduction.Describe three ways in which a gradual increase inan extracellular signal can be sharpened by the target cellto produce an abrupt or nearly all-or-none response.2022) . Join: 739526. P 7 R 888 F4 Chemical messengers that cross the synapse bind to _ channels, which create. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. b a Ligand gated; Action с ce7-4f96-ba96-ba1e2373d5e9 Wk7: Q5 Homework Unanswered Due Today, 11:59 PM d Voltage gated; Graded Ligand gated; Graded Voltage gated; Action Unanswered. 2 attempts left % 5 OCT 19 F5 T ^ 6 ♫ dity STA e MacBook Air F6 Y & 7 F7 C * 00 8 DII FB ( 9 potentials. DD F9 O ) O F10 P F11 No C Subm + =
- After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: cGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets loride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to…Estimate the concentration of norepinephrine at which the response reaches 50% (disregard that there are two curves) express the concentration in microM. List the concentrations at which the response was tested.Describe the 3 main steps for activation of receptor tyrosine kinases.
