O The RB gene is likely hypomethylated in this individual O This individual is at much higher risk of losing all RB function in some their cells O All of the cells of this individual lack RB function O The RB mutation is hyperactivating and driving excess cell proliferation
Q: A cell that has passed the G1 checkpoint cannot go back because: Select one: O a. S and G1/S cyclins…
A: During early G1, there are three transcriptional repressors, known as pocket proteins, that bind to…
Q: 14) this is the serine protein kinase that when activated in a MPF complex that results in…
A: The cell cycle consists of the G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and mitotic phase, and is regulated by…
Q: Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow of adults .. O a) are multipotent, in that they can…
A: Introduction Hematopoietic stem cells:- It is an immature cell that can develop into all types of…
Q: Developing B cells that fail to make productive D to J heavy-chain rearrangements on both homologous…
A: B cells get matured in the bone marrow or in the lymph node. Mature B cells express antibodies on…
Q: // Which of the following can become oncogenes by over-expression of the normal protein? src O Cip…
A: Introduction :- Oncogene is a gene that is a mutant (changed) version of a normal cell growth gene.…
Q: In our bodies, the stem cell found in :* Bone marrow O All sites of body. O Small intestine O Not…
A: Stem cells are special human cells that can develop into many different types of cells, from muscle…
Q: Cyclin dependent kinases would exist in similar amounts in the cells at the different stages…
A: Let us analyze each statement individually:- CDK are present in different proportions in different…
Q: Expression of S-phase genes is activated when P16 inactive or absent P16 active Cdk4 inactive
A: The cell cycle is regulated by cyclins(regulatory proteins present in varying concentrations during…
Q: 47. hTERT is repressed in these cells: A. Germ cells B. Tumor cells C. Somatic cells D. A and B
A: hTERT is represses in the cells.
Q: ation of this protein triggers the inactivation of MPF and end of karyokinesis , onset of…
A: maturation promoting factor (MPF) is a protein complex consisting of a kinase termed p34cdc2 and…
Q: Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is located on chromosome 11. My maternal copy of chromosome 11…
A: The IGF2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called insulin-like growth factor 2. It…
Q: D Question 9 Cancer can be described as [ Select ] v disease which results from V [ Select ] Occur…
A: Genes are the basis of genetic inheritance and they store genetic information passed on from the…
Q: A dominant modality to expand the stem cell pool is to allow stem cells to divide symmetrically.…
A: The "cell cycle", also known as "cell division", is a set of processes that occur in a cell leading…
Q: Which of the following can lead to cancer?a. smokingb. pollutionc. mutations of Rb and p53d. All of…
A: Cancer is a disease that is characterized by rapid and indefinite growth of cells, resulting in the…
Q: Testosterone is a hormone that affects gene expression. Only some cells in your body are affected by…
A: Testosterone is a type of hormone released by the human body. It’s essentially synthesized in men by…
Q: Oncogenes: A. Are dominant. B. Cause cells to divide uncontrollably. C. Are mutations of Proto…
A: Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cells, without regulation of…
Q: ulate the cell cycle called tumar supressors
A: Tumor suppressor genes can be defined as the normal genes that affect the process of cell division…
Q: 3. Tumor derived growth factor B (TGFB) is a secreted protein that has a diverse range of blological…
A: TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-β) employs the Smad proteins as the intracellular mediator of…
Q: What is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes?a. stop all cells from dividingb. stop certain…
A: An abnormal growth of body tissue is called tumor. Tumors can be noncancerous and cancerous. Tumor…
Q: Proto-oncogenes normally suppress tumor growth are under expressed in cancer cells increase…
A: Answer of the question given below...
Q: 1. Stress can affect the epigenome of an individual. II. Depending on the affected site, epigenetic…
A: The phrase epigenome comes from the Greek word epi, which means "above" the genome. The epigenome is…
Q: A R145D mutation in CPA would have as compared to the wild type. O increased KM O decreased kcat…
A: Km defines the binding affinity of an enzyme towards a particular substrate. Higher is the Km value…
Q: allów it to move past the G1 and G2 checkpoints even if its growth factor is not present, These…
A: Whenever cells come into contact with each other, the mechanism of contact inhibition occurs. As a…
Q: Cancer Cells need A.I.R in order to survive and proliferate. What does this stand for? a.…
A: Oncogene activation requires genetic alterations in cellular protooncogenes. The result of these…
Q: Cancer cells are easier to maintain in culture than normal cells because a) they divide without the…
A: Cancer cells are mutated cells that are cultured in laboratories for studying various human…
Q: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with potential to give rise to many types of specialized…
A: Stem cells act as the repair system in a body. There are two kinds of stem cells : embryonic stem…
Q: . Mutations in an autosomal gene in humans cause aform of hemophilia called von Willebrand…
A: It is given that von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a form of haemophilia and caused by mutations in an…
Q: Match the mutation with the appropriate term. Answers may be u all Results in protein that cannot be…
A: Philadelphia chromosome is a gentica abnornamlity which is due to the translocation between the…
Q: One example of an oncogene is ras. Ras is a G protein that is activated when growth factors bind to…
A: Activating mutations in proto-oncogenes that cause growth. Protooncogenes are the genes which causes…
Q: 1. Stress can affect the epigenome of an individual. II. Depending on the affected site, epigenetic…
A: Stress can have a direct effect on DNA through the mechanism of epigenetics, which means 'on top of…
Q: The cell enters g1 and cyclin D binds with CDK4/6 Increases in cyclin D expression prevent p21/p27…
A: cell cycle goes through following steps in a sequence:-
Q: People with sickle-cell disease have O 1. defective phenylalanine hydrolyase. O 2. a defective…
A: Genetics is a study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in an organism. Living organisms…
Q: What best describes Cdk1? O Is the serine protein kinase that when activated in a complex with…
A: Introduction:- Cyclin dependent kynase are the families of protei They are involved in regulating…
Q: mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 & 2 principally cause with ? (a) nucleotide…
A: BRCA1 gene mutations lead to breast cancer in women of around 60% to 80%. Along with that it also…
Q: The two categories of stem cells in the human body are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.…
A: All the the answer choices are correct.
Q: This picture shows normal blood cells, which are round, and sickle cells, which appear much longer.…
A: Sickle cell anemia is defined as an inherited red blood cell abnormality where there aren't enough…
Q: Any permanent change to the structure of DNA is considered a mutation. A somatic cell mutation…
A: Ans. 1 Heritable mutation: A change in the genetic material that is incorporated into every cell…
Q: Why are PARP inhibitors effective in killing tumor cells with BRCA-deficiency but not Rb deficiency?…
A: Anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulate cell division and DNA repair mechanism. Any mutation…
Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…
A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…
Q: Many oncogenes result from mutations that cause excessive expression of a protein in cells where it…
A: The questions asks to find the correct option for the given statement“Most of the oncogenes arise…
Q: Positive cell cycle regulators may become mutated to a. tumor suppressor genes b. oncogenes Cc.…
A: INTRODUCTION Oncogenes These are the gene which have the potential to cause cancer.
Q: Protein factor rho O binds to the rho utilization site. is part of Rho-dependent termination. two of…
A: The transcription process end with two processes by using RHO protein the one is called the RHO…
Q: p53 Iis an impórtant tumor suppressor gene that is activated in response to a variety of stress…
A: The huge diversity in the genes implicated in tumorigenesis, the p53 transcription factor (encoded…
Q: The cell enters g1 and cyclin D binds with CDK4/6 Increases in cyclin D expression prevent p21/p27…
A: Introduction Cell cycle consists of order events that occur in a cell for cell division. The cell…
Q: 1. A mutation in MAPK makes it constitutively active. If cells are treated with the control…
A: - Most of the growth factors utilize RTK mediated RAS-MAPK pathway to stimulate the cell for…
Q: The product of the human papillomavirous oncogene E7promotes cancer by emhancing expression of…
A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…
Q: B. Ink proteins bind to and inhibit one of the cdk's in the cell cycle. (Ink = INhibitor of Kinase.)…
A: Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs) are the engines that drive series of events or steps of…
Please answer question 6
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- . Mutations in an autosomal gene in humans cause aform of hemophilia called von Willebrand disease(vWD). This gene specifies a blood plasma proteincleverly called von Willebrand factor (vWF). vWFstabilizes factor VIII, a blood plasma protein specified by the wild-type hemophilia A gene. Factor VIIIis needed to form blood clots. Thus, factor VIII is rapidly destroyed in the absence of vWF.Which of the following might successfully be employed in the treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophiliac patients? Would the treatments workimmediately or only after some delay needed forprotein synthesis? Would the treatments have only ashort-term or a prolonged effect? Assume that allmutations are null (that is, the mutations result in thecomplete absence of the protein encoded by the gene)and that the plasma is cell-free.a. transfusion of plasma from normal blood into avWD patientb. transfusion of plasma from a vWD patient into adifferent vWD patientc. transfusion of plasma from a hemophilia A…Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do not spread to other tissues b. do not contain mutations c. are malignant and clonal in origin d. metastasize to other tissues e. none of theseOur government has finite funds to devote to cancer research.Discuss which of the following areas of research you think shouldreceive the most funding.A. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumorsuppressorgenesB. Identifying agents in our environment that cause cancerC. Identifying viruses that cause cancer D. Devising methods aimed at killing cancer cells in the bodyE. Informing the public of the risks involved in exposure tocarcinogensIn the long run, in which of these areas would you expect successfulresearch to be the most effective in decreasing human mortalitydue to cancer?
- Regarding chronic disease prevention, match each term with the phrase that best describes it Molecule produced by innate immune cells that is involved in maintaining chronic inflammation A protein produced by the liver that is a frequently used marker of chronic inflammation The degree to which a certain food elevates blood glucose after it's eaten A small molecule that can bind to histones and DNA, frequently with the result of gene silencing An enzyme that rebuilds the end caps of chromosomes after each cell division, thus prolonging the life of the cell [Choose ] [Choose] Interleukin-6 TNF-alpha Methyl Tag Glycemic Load C Reactive Protein Glycemic Index Telomerase [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose ]A patient comes into your clinic exhibiting generic cancer symptoms. In order to help form a diagnosis, you ask about patient history and they tell you that they worked for years in an agricultural job, primarily in handling food for large bovine animals and then later working with insect pesticide treatment of grain fields. You decide to test for elevated levels of the environmental agent(s) in their body and focus your cancer diagnosis on based on the established associations of epigentic effects and cancer. O nickel and cadmium; stomach and skin cancer O benzene; breast, prostate and thyroid cancer O polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene; lung, breast, stomach and skin cancer O arsenic and endocrine disruptors; skin, bladder, liver and kidney cancerDescribe three types of genetic changes that commonly convert aproto-oncogene to an oncogene. Explain how the genetic changesare expected to alter the activity of the gene product.
- The product of the human papillomavirous oncogene E7promotes cancer by emhancing expression of telomere inhibiting DNA damage repair pathways binding to Rb protein and preventing itd function ubiquitinating the tumor suppressor p53Chemotherapeutic agents can promote apoptosis in cancer cells by these mechanisms except; Group of answer choices Downregulating MCL1 expression Increasing BCL-2 expression Increased p53 expression Increased BIM (BH-3) expressionAll but which of the following best explains the advantage of cancer cells expressing PKM2 over PKM1? OPKM1 has lower activity PKM2 allows for accumulation of glycolytic intermediates Serine is a more potent allosteric effector of PKM2 Higher serine levels lead to increased activity of PKM2 O O
- You are evaluating a patient with Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and his biopsy pathology report reveals a defect in some TSGs involved in DNA mismatch repair, which of these genes is least likely to be implicated in this patients cancer? Group of answer choices SMAD4 MSH2 MLH1 PMS1Of the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if the mutant gene codes for a : telomerase tumor suppressor protein ATP synthesis enzyme RNS binding proteinYou have two patients with pancreatic cancer. Patient 1 has a KRAS oncogenic mutation; a myc oncogenic mutation and has normal levels of P53. Patient 2 has normal KRAS expression: a myc oncogenic mutation and a tumor suppressor mutation in P53. You have the following therapeutics available Flavopiradol (a CDK inhibitor); CBP-93872 (a G2/M checkpoint inhibitor); Rigosertib; Oncorine; Nutlin a. Which patient would CBP-93872 be the most effective? Explain your answer. b. Which therapeutic(s) would not be expected to be effective in patient 2? For each, explain your answer