Developing B cells that fail to make productive D to J heavy-chain rearrangements on both homologous chromosomes a. die by apoptosis in the bone marrow b. will rearrange heavy-chain loci multiple times until a productive rearrangement is made c. undergo clonal proliferation d. upregulate expression of transcription factors E2A and EBF e. fail to rearrange V to DJ.

Q: The normal function of the Rb protein is toa. act as a brake on cell division.b. produce…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  CELL DIVISION  It is necessary for all the cells In this the parent cell divides…

Q: Cyclin D/cdk 4,6 inhibits retinoblastoma protein (Rb) binding to...., which ultimately affects gene…

A: Mutation in RB1 gene causes retinoblastoma. Due to this mutation cell is unable to control growth.…

Q: The drug pump activity of Cancer stem cells can be explained by the overexpression of: a. Mdr1 b.…

A: Cancer is the state of uncontrolled cell division.

Q: A 25-year old man is concerned about his fmaily history of ankylosing spondylitis. He has not yet…

A: Ankylosing spondylitis is a condition where prolonged inflammation can lead to the fusion of bones…

Q: a way in which proto-oncogenes can change to become genes that induce cancer?

A: A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can turn into an oncogene due to mutations or increased…

Q: Defects in this gene have been associated with metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Select one: O a. APC…

A: Answer : Option "G" is correct - BRCA1

Q: Match the following conditions with the expected state of primary human cells grown in culture for…

A: The process through which cells are cultivated under controlled circumstances, typically outside of…

Q: After a cell "clears" the G₁ restriction checkpoint, it can proceed into S phase. This S phase entry…

A: The cell cycle is regulated at following four crucial transitions: G1 to S S to G2 (very short) G2…

Q: a. A typical cellular response of a mammary epithelial cell to EGF signal is proliferation. the Kd…

A: Proliferation is the cellular response.

Q: Cancer cells can secrete factors which promote the formation of new blood vessels. The formation of…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells divide in an uncontrolled manner and spread to different…

Q: Describe three types of genetic changes that commonly convert aproto-oncogene to an oncogene.…

A: The genetic alteration results in the advantage in growth of the cell. The 3 genetic change…

Q: Match the following terms of B-cell development with the best definition. Surrogate light chain…

A: The immune system of the body is the vital system that provides protection to the body against…

Q: In tumor cells obtained from patients with Burkittlymphoma, a cancer of the immune system’s B…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: 39. HIV could be used to cure Kaposi’s sarcoma by  a. causing the cells to express exogenous surface…

A: HIV is stands for human immunodeficiency virus. This is type of retroviral infection transfer…

Q: graduate student wants to isolate cells from a patient and grow them perpetually in culture to study…

A: The correct answers are as follows- A. Telomerase C. MDM2  A graduate student wants to isolate cells…

Q: 1. For each of the following genes, categorize them as a tumor suppressor gene or a protooncogene.…

A: Bcl-2 gene is a protooncogene.The Bcl-2 can act as a barrier to apoptosis and and facilitate the…

Q: Ataxia-telangiectasis (ATM) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disease. About 20% of people with…

A: Ataxia-telangiectasia ( A-T) is caused by mutations in the ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase or…

Q: (a) Identify both the cellular component and the location of the component that is responsible for…

A: Luciferase reporter produces luminescence. If cells contain a luciferase vector, the luminescent…

Q: Which of the following events is not associated with the establishment of allelic exclusion of…

A: Answer is A.) active transcription of RAG1 and RAG2.

Q: A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies…

A: A gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is…

Q: Mutations in the RB gene are often associated with cancer. Explain how a mutation that results in a…

A: The cell cycle is the series of stages that allow the cell to pass from one cell division to…

Q: Explain how hematopoietic stem cells were experimentally shown to be both multipotent and capable of…

A: Answer: Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing progenitor…

Q: Select all of the statements that apply to transcytosis. A. Transfers dimeric IgG B. Transfers…

A: Introduction :- Transcytosis is the process by which a ligand is taken up by a receptor on one side…

Q: VHL is a tumor suppressor because     a. it causes cancer cells to become hypoxic     b. it…

A: Tumor is a mass or lump that results from the abnormal growth of cells in the body. A tumor…

Q: Humans with defective expression of the integrin LFA-1 have an immunodeficiency disease…

A: Introduction : The ability of the body to defend against pathogens is referred to as immunity. It…

Q: Match the stage of B cell development with the rearrangement or expression of immunoglobulin genes.…

A: B cell development begins in the fetal liver and continues in the bone marrow throughout our lives.…

Q: Match the gene on the left with the gene category on the right.…

A: Genes  Genes are the information coded in a DNA. They make our protein and enzyme. They are…

Q: Some studies have pointed that mutant p53 proteins have gained a novel function by inactivating…

A: P53 is an important protein that is considered a tumor-suppressing gene. The presence of p53…

Q: One important role of Fas and Fas ligand is to medi-ate the elimination of tumor cells by killer…

A: In multicellular organisms, cell death is mediated by two mechanisms: apoptosis and necrosis.…

Q: Which ONE of the following molecular abnormalities is associated with the POOREST prognosis in acute…

A: Acute myeloid leukemia is a disease that interferes in the production of normal blood cells. It is a…

Q: Which ONE of the following molecular abnormalities is associated with the POOREST prognosis in acute…

A: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a kind of blood cancer.

Q: Remember that DNA viruses inactivate tumor suppressor genes resulting in cancer. In Burkitt’s…

A: Translocation of c-myc occurs to one of the immunoglobulin foci. This leads to over expression of…

Q: Which of the following defects in RAS would be tumorigenic? multiple answers    A. Deletion of…

A: Ras is a nucleotide binding protein that is responsible for cell division, growth and…

Q: In rare instances, B cells can be found that have two immunoglobulin light chain alleles, both of…

A: When the B cells can be found which are having two immunoglobulin light chain alleles, both of them…

Q: All of the following events occur within germinal centers except

A: Germinal centre It is abbreviated as GC and is a special type of structure formed in lymphoid and…

Q: We have studied Ras signal transduction pathway. In an experiment,  two different mutations were…

A: The cell proliferation depends on specific signalling processes that ultimately trigger some…

Q: 1. Match each of the terms in the left column to the bestfitting phrase from the right column.a.…

A: The terms given in the left column are related to the genetic material of an organism. Genetic…

Q: Humanized monoclonal antibodies are best described as a. antibodies made in mice in which the…

A: Ans: The antibodies generated in the laboratory that specifically binds to single epitope or antigen…

Q: Which of the following associated with cancer development would you expect to be tumor promoters and…

A: Introduction: A chemical that can increase the risk of cancer by a secondary mechanism unrelated to…

Q: Multiple successive gene rearrangements at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus a. increase the…

A: One of the most remarkable features of the vertebrate immune system is its ability to respond to an…

Q: Role of Myc activation is the follows a. It directly inhibits Rb protein through phosphorylation b.…

A: Myc is a proto-oncogene that encodes a transcription factor which is involved in the regulation of…

Q: Define the following terms: a. cell transformation b. oncogene c. apoptosis d. early response gene…

A: Gene regulation is the mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of the gene.that…

Q: A tumor suppressor gene regulates the cell cycle; an example is

A: The tumor suppressor genes are anti-oncogenes that prevent the uncontrolled growth of the cells by…

Q: Which of the following modifications of the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) would be…

A: Epidermal growth factor receptor is a transmembrane protein that spans the length of the cell…

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Q: ''In the cellular regulatory pathways that controlcell growth and proliferation, the products of…

A: Cell regulation involves a complex mechanism of different cell signaling pathways that work in a…

Q: One example of an oncogene is ras. Ras is a G protein that is activated when growth factors bind to…

A: Activating mutations in proto-oncogenes that cause growth. Protooncogenes are the genes which causes…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.