Q: drug that has been screened in cancer model through the generation of induced pluripotent stem…
A: induced pluripotent stem cells are the type of stem cells that are produced from the somatic cells…
Q: Describe the nature of p53 reactivation as acancer-fighting strategy
A: Cancer is a condition that arises due to uncontrolled cell division.
Q: Oncogenes show a of mutation, while tumor suppressor genes show a of mutations. is the process by…
A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread…
Q: Match the gene name with the gene description. rb BRCA-1 A. tumor suppressor - p53 B. proto-oncogene…
A: Cancer is a condition caused by mutation in the genome that results in infinite cell multiplication…
Q: Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ?…
A: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) is a type of stem cell(pluripotent) in nature that is derived…
Q: Which of these statements regarding the affected gene are likely to be TRUE? Both copies of the gene…
A: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly aggressive form of cancer, where mesenchymal cells become unable to…
Q: Proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes in a number of different ways. In some cases, the…
A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…
Q: A mutated gene that codes for an altered version of Cdk that is active in the absence of cyclin is…
A: Cyclins drive the occasions of the phone cycle by collaborating with a group of chemicals called the…
Q: ___________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a.…
A: Nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are long chains of nucleotides.…
Q: hallmarks of tumor cells
A: Introduction:-The hallmarks constitutes an organizing principle for rationalising the complexities…
Q: These genes are involved in normal cell growth and division, but if mutated, could become more…
A: Oncogenes are tumour-causing genes. They are mutated and abnormal that leading to uncontrolled cell…
Q: Describe three types of genetic changes that commonly convert aproto-oncogene to an oncogene.…
A: The genetic alteration results in the advantage in growth of the cell. The 3 genetic change…
Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…
A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…
Q: The Bax gene, codes for a cytosolic protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. Growth factor…
A: Bax gene Bcl-2-associated X protein which is pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 gene family. Cell…
Q: Explain how genetics and epigenetics play a role in cancer.
A: Genomic precariousness, which happens through both hereditary components (basic inheritable…
Q: Describe three popular methods for silencing tumor-suppressor genes.
A: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes are those that slow down the division and development of cells.…
Q: Describe the roles of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in controlling cell growth, and…
A: Oncogenesis is the process of inducing cancer in the body due to mutation in the genes. Oncogenes…
Q: Explain why metastasis can lead to multiplesecondary tumors in different sites.
A: When there is some mutation that occurs in the DNA of any cell that leads to abnormal and…
Q: Explain about the Cancer-causing gene formed by a mutation in a proto-oncogene ?
A: In genetics, the mutation is defined as the changes or alteration in the DNA sequences which result…
Q: Please discuss the difference between cancers caused by tumor viruses and cancers caused by…
A: Cancer is a disease where cells grow or divide uncontrolly.
Q: Describe, using specific examples, the differences in how a growth factor gene and a tumor…
A: When we talk about cancer, there are certain genes associated with it. Oncogenes are genes that are…
Q: Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor…
A: Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a method of overcoming stopped replication in which particular…
Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…
A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…
Q: Describe the changes that can convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.
A: A normal functioning gene turns into a proto-oncogene, which can cause cancer when it is altered as…
Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…
A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…
Q: umor markers
A: Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that forms after unusual cell growth and division. Tumors can be…
Q: Define the following terms: a. cell transformation b. oncogene c. apoptosis d. early response gene…
A: Gene regulation is the mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of the gene.that…
Q: Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes whose products interact with tumor-suppressor…
A: Viruses are infectious agents. They can only replicate inside the living cells. Viruses can infect…
Q: The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while p634 gene is an oncogene. Mutation in either one can…
A: Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts…
Q: Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single…
A: The medical condition of cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth pattern of the cells…
Q: Of the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if…
A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…
Q: Explain the following characteristics of an ideal tumor marker • Specificity for a single type of…
A: BREAST CANCER -A NONTENDER LUMP ON BREAST TYPES- 1. DUCTUAL CARCINOMA OF BREAST 2. LOBULAR CARCINOMA…
Q: Products of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can be growth factors and growth factor…
A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…
Q: Please answer all questions if possible. -B-Raf is not overexpressed in cancer though shows…
A: B raf is a protooncogene that produce BRaf protein. This protein plays role in regulating MAP…
Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…
A: A mutation is a form of alteration in which a single change changes a nucleotide of nucleic acid. It…
Q: Explain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.
A: Tumors are clumps of cells formed by uncontrollable cell division. Tumorigenesis is the uncontrolled…
Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…
A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…
Q: Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain…
A: The question has been assumed to be "a)Explain what is meant by determination and…
Q: Please select a disease (like cancer) that can be modeled through the generation of induced…
A: * Induced pluripotent stem cells are usually will produce insulin and CRISPR which is used to…
Q: Proto-oncogenes normally function to increase v cell division. If a mutation occurs to a…
A: Proto - oncogenes normally function to stimulating cell division . If a mutation occurs to a proto -…
Q: Describe the mutational event that produces the MYC oncogene in Burkitt’s lymphoma. Why does the…
A: Burkitt lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that affects adults and children. NHL is…
Q: Which of the following describes the role typical proto-oncogenes have when they are expressed in…
A: Proto-oncogenes, although usually associated with tumors do have a very significant role to play in…
Q: Name two ways in which loss of p53 function contributes to a malignant phenotype. Explain how…
A: We know that, an abnormal growth of tissues in the body is know as tumor. A tumor can change into…
Q: Match each definition with the corresponding term concerning genes involved in tumor formation.…
A: Cancer is a very complex molecular disease that occurs due to the uncontrolled cell division.…
Q: Describe the genetic changes that convert proto-oncogenesinto oncogenes or inactivate…
A: Oncogenes can be defined as the genes which induce cancer in the organisms. These genes encode the…
Q: The product of the human papillomavirous oncogene E7promotes cancer by emhancing expression of…
A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…
Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a tumor
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- Which of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressedWhich of the following describes the role typical proto-oncogenes have when they are expressed in cells that are not cancerousIdentify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed. Select the two mechanisms. Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed.Select the two mechanisms. 1) alterations in chromatin structure 2) a gain-of-function alteration 3)modification of proto-oncogenes products 4)mutations that result in an abnormal protein product 5)mutations within gene-regulatory regions
- "In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancerExplain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.
- The C-myc gene is a proto-oncogene which is highly expressed in breast tissue and appears to cause proliferation of breast tissue and its elevated expression is associated with breast cancer. Based just on the ChIP data from the previous questions (also shown below), which of the three drugs (estrogen, tamoxifen and raloxifene) would you recommend for treating breast cancer? Justify your response and explain the potential side effects of each drug.A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after two separate Pap smears have shown dysplastic epithelial cells. Results of a molecular diagnostic test show DNA that encodes high-risk versions of the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins. The viral E6 protein binds to the cellular p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing it to be degraded. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the E6 protein causes cervical cancer? (A) Arrests the cell cycle (B) Enhances tissue invasion and metastasis (C) Inhibits telomerase expression (D) Prevents apoptosis (E) Sustains angiogenesisProto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes in a number of different ways. In some cases, the proto-oncogene itself becomes amplified up to hundreds of times in a cancer cell. An example is the cyclin D1 gene, which is amplified in some cancers. In other cases, the proto-oncogene may be mutated in a limited number of specific ways, leading to alterations in the gene product’s structure. The ras gene is an example of a proto-oncogene that becomes oncogenic after suffering point mutations in specific regions of the gene. Explain why these two proto-oncogenes (cyclin D1 and ras) undergo such different alterations in order to convert them into oncogenes.