COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 23, Problem 41QAP
To determine
Wavelength of red light in glass slab.
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•1 In Fig. 35-31, a light wave along
ray r, reflects once from a mirror and
a light wave along ray r, reflects twice
from that same mirror and once from
a tiny mirror at distance L from the
bigger mirror. (Neglect the slight tilt Figure 35-31 Problems 1 and 2.
of the rays.) The waves have wave-
length 620 nm and are initially in phase. (a) What is the smallest value
of L that puts the final light waves exactly out of phase? (b) With the
tiny mirror initially at that value of L, how far must it be moved away
from the bigger mirror to again put the final waves out of phase?
•8 In Fig. 35-33, two light pulses
are sent through layers of plastic
Pulse
п
п
with thicknesses of either L or 2L
as shown and indexes of refraction
Pulse
n = 1.55, nz = 1.70, nz = 1.60, n4 = i
1.45, ng = 1.59, ng = 1.65, and n, =
1.50. (a) Which pulse travels
through the plastic in less time?
(b) What multiple of Lic gives the difference in the traversal
times of the pulses?
%3D
Figure 35-33 Problem 8.
•4 In Fig. 35-32a, a beam of light in material 1 is incident on a
boundary at an angle of 30°. The extent to which the light is ben
due to refraction depends, in part, on the index of refraction n, o
material 2. Figure 35-32b gives the angle of refraction Oz versus n
for a range of possible n2 values, from n, = 1.30 to n, = 1.90. Wha
is the speed of light in material 1?
в,
40°
300!
30°
в,
20°
по
(a)
(b)
Chapter 23 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 23 - Prob. 10QAP
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- 33.37 • BIO Heart Sonogram. Physicians use high-frequency (f = 1–5 MHz) sound waves, called ultrasound, to image internal or- gans. The speed of these ultrasound waves is 1480 m/s in muscle and 344 m/s in air. We define the index of refraction of a material for sound waves to be the ratio of the speed of sound in air to the speed of sound in the material. Snell's law then applies to the refraction of sound waves. (a) At what angle from the normal does an ultrasound beam enter the heart if it leaves the lungs at an angle of 9.73° from the normal to the heart wall? (Assume that the speed of sound in the lungs is 344 m/s.) (b) What is the critical angle for sound waves in air incident on muscle?arrow_forward•48 In Fig. 33-48a, a light ray in water is incident at angle 61 on a boundary with an underlying material, into which some of the light refracts. There are two choices of underlying material. For each, the angle of refraction 6, versus the incident angle 6, is given in Fig. 33-48b. The vertical axis scale is set by 6, = 90°. %3D Without calculation, determine whether the index of refraction of (a) material 1 and (b) material 2 is greater or less than the index of water (n = 1.33). What is the index of refraction of (c) material 1 and (d) material 2? Ө, в2. Water 0° 45° 90° (a) (6)arrow_forward•10 GO Manufacturers of wire (and other objects of small dimension) sometimes use a laser to continually monitor the thickness of the product. The wire intercepts the laser beam, pro- ducing a diffraction pattern like that of a single slit of the same width as the wire diameter (Fig. 36-37). Suppose a helium-neon laser, of wavelength 632.8 nm, illuminates a wire, and the diffrac- tion pattern appears on a screen at distance L = 2.60 m. If the desired wire diameter is 1.37 mm, what is the observed distance between the two tenth-order minima (one on each side of the central maximum)? Wire He-Ne laser L Figure 36-37 Problem 10. Wire-making machinearrow_forward
- •45 When the rectangular metal tank in Fig. 33-46 is filled to the top with an unknown liquid, observer o- O, with eyes level with the top of the tank, can just see corner E. A ray that refracts toward O at the top surface of the liquid is shown. If D = 85.0 cm and L = 1.10 m, what -Normal to liquid surface is the index of refraction of the liquid? -L-arrow_forward92 Figure 35-56a shows two light rays that are initially in phase as they travel upward through a block of plastic, with wavelength 400 nm as measured in air. Light ray r, exits directly into air. However, before light ray r, exits into air, it travels through a liquid in a hollow cylinder within the plastic. Initially the height Lúq of the liquid is 40.0 um, but then the liquid begins to evaporate. Let o be the phase difference between rays r, and r, once they both exit into the air. Figure 35-56b shows versus the liquid's height Lig until the liquid disappears, with o given in terms of wavelength and the horizontal scale set by L, = 40.00 µm. What are (a) the index of refraction of the plastic and (b) the index of refraction of the liquid? 60 L'ia 20 - Plastic L, Liq (um) (a) (6) (Y) ¢arrow_forward-75 SSM ILW Figure 35-46a shows a lens with radius of curvature R lying on a flat glass plate and illu- minated from above by light with wavelength A. Figure 35-46b (a photograph taken from above the lens) shows that circular in- terference fringes (known as Newton's rings) appear, associ- Incident light ated with the variable thickness d of the air film between the lens Glass Air and the plate. Find the radii r of the interference maxima assum- ing r/R < 1. Glass (a) Figure 35-46 Problems 75-77. (b) Courtesy Bausch & Lombarrow_forward
- 10 Figure 35-27a shows the cross section of a vertical thin film whose width increases downward because gravitation causes slumping. Figure e 35-27b is a face-on view of the film, a showing four bright (red) interfer- ence fringes that result when the (a) film is illuminated with a perpendi- cular beam of red light. Points in the cross section corresponding to the bright fringes are labeled. In terms of the wavelength of the light inside the film, what is the difference in film thickness between (a) points a and b and (b) points b and d? (6) Figure 35-27 Question 10.arrow_forward•48 A high-powered laser beam (A = 600 nm) with a beam diam- eter of 12 cm is aimed at the Moon, 3.8 x 10° km distant. The beam spreads only because of diffraction. The angular location of the edge of the central diffraction disk (see Eq. 36-12) is given by 1.22A sin 0 where d is the diameter of the beam aperture. What is the diameter of the central diffraction disk on the Moon's surface?arrow_forward83 O Two light rays, initially in phase and with a wavelength of 500 nm, go through different paths by T reflecting from the various mirrors 4 shown in Fig. 35-49. (Such a reflection does not itself produce a phase shift.) (a) What least value of distance d will put the rays exactly out of phase when they emerge from the region? (Ignore the slight tilt of the path for ray 2.) (b) Repeat the question as- suming that the entire apparatus is immersed in a protein solution with Ray 1 Ray 2 Figure 35-49 Problem 83. an index of refraction of 1.38.arrow_forward
- 8 Figure 35-26 shows two rays of light, of wavelength 600 nm, that re- flect from glass surfaces separated by 150 nm. The rays are initially in phase. (a) What is the path length difference of the rays? (b) When they have cleared the reflection re- gion, are the rays exactly in phase, exactly out of phase, or in some intermediate state? +150 nm- Figure 35-26 Question 8.arrow_forwardAs a light ray (wavelength = 500 nm) is passing through an air-to-glass boundary, what happens to the wavelength? decreases O increases O approaches zero value O remains unchanged O approaches 3.0 x 108 marrow_forward5) The walls of a soap bubble have about the same index of refraction as that of plain water, n= 1.33. There is air both inside and outside the bubble. What wavelength (in air) of visible light (390-750nm) is most strongly reflected from a point on a soap bubble where its wall is 290nm thick?arrow_forward
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