Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 25CTQ
A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA polymerase deficiency that prevents if from making proteins. Describe three additional observations that would together support the conclusion that a defect in RNA polymerase I activity, and not problems with the other polymerases, causes the defect.
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Below is a list of functions related to
protein synthesis. Place the number for the
function in the blank above its
corresponding structure.
1. Copies the genetic code from DNA and
carries it to the ribosomes
2. Splits DNA into two strands and
transcribes MRNA from the antisense
strand
3. Carries amino acids to the ribosome
4. Area on DNA antisense strand that RNA
polymerase binds to begin transcription
Promoter
MRNA
RNA
TRNA
region
polymerase
Below is a list of functions related to protein synthesis. Place the number for the function in the blank above its corresponding structure. 1. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes 2. Splits DNA into two strands and transcribes mRNA from the antisense strand 3. Carries amino acids to the ribosome 4. Area on DNA antisense strand that RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription
Answer
Answer
Answer
Answer
Promoter region
mRNA
RNA polymerase
tRNA
1) name three types of RNA in a cell and their functions;
9. What is the role of RNA polymerase? To answer the question please:
2) draw a scheme of RNA synthesis;
3) name the enzymes required for RNA synthesis.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Describe how the absence of the RNA polymerase enzyme affects the process.arrow_forwardDescribe the structure of a bacterial genome, and explain how it differs from a eukaryotic genome. Explain what a plasmid is, and describe the role of plasmids in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Explain how bidirectional semiconservative DNA replication copies the circular chromosome of a bacterium during cell division. Explain the steps of replication by DNA polymerase, including initiation, elongation, and termination. Explain the different kinds of mutations and how they occur.arrow_forwarddetermine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ Note: Prepare the partner strand of this DNA. Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Partner DNA strand 2. the mRNA strand 3. the tRNA 4. the formed amino acids 5. the discussion of the entire procedurearrow_forward
- You are studying RNA viruses and have discovered one that grows well in a culture of eukaryotic cells. You know that the virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, but you don't know if it is positive or negative stranded. Your lab-mate says, "Well, just treat your cell culture with cyclohexamide and see if the virus replicates its genome." You know that cyclohexamide inhibits protein elongation by binding to eukaryotic ribosomes. What is the basis of your lab-mate's suggestion?arrow_forwardYou are studying RNA viruses and have discovered a new one that grows well in a culture of eukaryotic cells. You know that the virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, but you don’t know if it is plus or minus stranded. Your lab-mate says, “Well, just treat your cell culture with cyclohexamide and see if the virus replicates its genome.” You know that cyclohexamide inhibits protein elongation by binding to eukaryotic ribosomes. What is the basis of your lab-mate’s suggestion?arrow_forwardDescribe and give the results of an experiment that shows that polymerase I is located primarily in the nucleolus of the cell.arrow_forward
- After RNA polymerase binds to DNA, it begins making mRNA. What is the name of this process?arrow_forwardBelow is an electron micrograph illustrating the process of simultaneous transcription and translation in a prokaryotic cell. Use this illustration to answer the question. A. Which of the following statements is correct? 1. The direction indicated by A, is the correct direction of RNA polymerase movement. 2. If C and D are both pointing to the first ribosome in the chain, then ribosome C is carrying a longer polypeptide chain. 3. If E is pointing to mRNA, then it is pointing to the 5'end of the mRNA. 4. If B is pointing to the DNA, then it is pointing to the 5' end of the DNA. O A. 1, 2 and 3 O B. 1 and 3 O C. 2 and4 O D. 4 only O E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardDetermine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T 5’ Note: Prepare the partner strand of this DNA. Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Partner DNA strand 2. the mRNA strand 3. the tRNA 4. the formed amino acidsarrow_forward
- (b) (c) Point mutations in multiple tumor suppressor proteins have been linked to cancer. For example changes in the gene for adenomatous-polyposis-coli protein (APC gene) may result in colorectal cancer. Consider the following DNA sense strand. 3-TAC CGG TTG TGA AGC TGA ATC-5' Derive the mRNA molecule from the given DNA strand sequence above, paying attention to the polarity of the molecule. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Write down the polypeptide chain sequence arising from the mRNA molecule of the question above, using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 overleaf) and indicate the C- and the N-terminus of the peptide chain. Point mutations of a cytosine (C) often lead to the dysfunction of the APC protein. Write down all possible polypeptide chains that can result from all possible DNA mutations of cytosines, disregarding a mutation in the MET/START and STOP codons. Specify which of the point mutations identified in (d) are redundant? For the given tRNA for Thrombin (Thr) write down all…arrow_forwardthe human immunodeficiency virus HIV uses RNA rather than DNA to encode genetic information. During infection, however, HIV uses an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase to generate double-stranded DNA. Generally speaking, how would the enzyme generate a double strand of DNA from a single strand of RNA?arrow_forwardExplain the role of RNA polymerase.arrow_forward
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