Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 17RQ
In any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases?
- 20
- 40
- 100
- 200
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Which of the following cannot be said regarding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
It is essential for the correct reading of codons.
A single tRNA synthetase can attach different amino acids to their corresponding tRNA.
It is first activated when it catalyzes a reaction between ATP and an amino acid to form an aminoacyladenylic acid (amino acyl-AMP).
It is responsible for the attachment of the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA.
There is a different tRNA synthetase for each amino acid that will be attached to a tRNA.
The charging of a tRNA with an amino acid can be represented by the following equation:amino acid + tRNA + ATP → aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPI where PPI is pyrophosphate (see figure 3–40). in the aminoacyl-tRNA, the amino acid and tRNA are linked with a high-energy covalent bond; a large portion of the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP is thus stored in this bond and is available to drive peptide bond formation at the later stages of protein synthesis. the free-energy change of the charging reaction shown in the equation is close to zero and therefore would not be expected to favor attachment of the amino acid to tRNA. Can you suggest a further step that could drive the reaction to completion?
What is the role of ATP(CTP): tRNA nucleotidyletransferase?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?arrow_forwardThe following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the initiator tRNA for all bacterial proteins? Formyl-cysteinyl-TRNA(ACG) Formyl-methionyl-TRNA(UAC) Tryptophanyl- RNA(CGU) Valyl-TRNA (CAG)arrow_forward
- A gene contains 141 codons. How many nucleotides are present in the gene’s coding sequence? How many amino acids are expected to be present in the polypeptide encoded by this gene?arrow_forwardThe amino acid glycine is encoded by four codons: GGA, GGC, GGG, and GGU. Which of the following statements correctly explains this fact? The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 5' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 3' base of the codon. The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 3' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 5' base of the codon. Glycine tRNA has four anticodons, and the appropriate anticodon specifically pairs with the correct codon. There are four tRNAs for glycine, each of which has an anticodon that specifically pairs with the correct codon. all of the abovearrow_forwardConsidering prokaryotes, what is the enzyme that links the tRNA molecules to its correct or cognate amino acid?arrow_forward
- Is the Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in human cells specialized or non specialized? Explain.arrow_forwardHow does the cell ensure that a specific amino acid (say, valine) attaches itself only to the one tRNA molecule that is specific for valine? (A) Proteins called aminoacyl DNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct DNA molecules carrying the right anticodon. (B) Lipids called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The lipid binds the amino acid and one of the correct tRNA molecules carrying the right codon. (C) Enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct tRNA molecules carrying the right anticodon. (D) Enzymes called peptidyl mRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct mRNA molecules carrying the right anticodon.arrow_forwardN-formylmethionine is the amino acid specified by a tRNA molecule carrying the anticodon sequence 5’-CAU-3’ in which of the following organisms? in the eukaryotes only (like Homo sapiens) in the archaeobacteria only (like Methanococcus jannaschii) in both archaeobacteria and eukaryotes in the eubacteria only (like Escherichia coli) in both archaeobacteria and eubacteria During DNA repair in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which of the following enzymes replaces the damaged nucleotides, that were excised from the DNA strand, by inserting the correct nucleotides? topoisomerase DNA polymerase DNA helicase an exonuclease DNA ligasearrow_forward
- N-formylmethionine is the amino acid specified by a tRNA molecule carrying the anticodon sequence 5’-CAU-3’ in which of the following organisms? in the eukaryotes only (like Homo sapiens) in the archaeobacteria only (like Methanococcus jannaschii) in both archaeobacteria and eukaryotes in the eubacteria only (like Escherichia coli) in both archaeobacteria and eubacteriaarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true? There are two major classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases The selectivity of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for their tRNA molecules is often called the second genetic code A single activating enzyme can interact with all the tRNAs for its corresponding amino acid aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases link amino acids to tRNA molecules without the need for an energy sourcearrow_forwardWhat happens if you replace the trp codons in the trp leader sequence with codons specifying Isoleucine? The cell will synthesize tryptophan when it is low on isoleucine The cell can't synthesize tryptophan at all The cell will synthesize Isoleucine when it is low on tryptophan O The cell will synthesize tryptophan when it is low on tryptophanarrow_forward
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