Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 12RQ
How do enhancers and promoters differ?
- Enhancers bind transcription factors to silence gene expression, while promoters activate transcription
- Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression, but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation.
- Promoters bind transcription factors to increase the efficiency of transcription. Enhancers bind RNA polymerases to initiate transcription.
- There is no difference. Both are transcription factor-binding sequences in DNA.
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Students have asked these similar questions
What is the role of general transcription factors?
GTFs bind to enhancers or silencers and regulate transcription
GTFs bind to the core promoter and allow transcriptional initiation
GTFs are cis-acting regulatory sequences
GTFs regulate the length of the mRNA
GTFs are part of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, and control transcription initiation
Below is a model of a signal transduction pathway that results in the transcribing of mRNA:
Receptor protein
Transcription factor
Phosphorylation
cascade
DNA
mRNA
What is the best description of what would happen if the phosphorylation cascade resulted in a phosphate being attached to the transcription factor?
O mRN would not stop being transcribed from the DNA.
O The phosphorylation cascade would continue to release excess phosphates.
O mRNA would stop being translated from the DNA.
O Receptor proteins would not bind to the signaling hormone.
Which of the following functions are characteristic of general transcription factors in eukaryotes?
Hint: there may be more than one correct response. Be sure to check all that apply.
They inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing.
They bind to other proteins or to the TATA box.
They are sufficient to allow high levels of transcription.
O They initiate and regulate the transcription of genes.
O They bind to sequences just after the start site of transcription.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider this list (below) of steps involved in transcription. These steps are out of order. TRANSCRIPTION: 1. mRNA travels through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm 2. the mRNA polymerase attaches at the start of a specific gene 3. RNA polymerase reads the gene surface4. a transcription factor bonds to a promoter site5. DNA molecule is unwound 6. a complimentary mRNA is produced What is the correct order of this transcription?arrow_forwardIn 3-4 sentences eachExplain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Explain the difference between an activator and a repressor? Explain the difference between a promoter and an enhancer? Explain the difference between an intron and an exon? Explain what happens when eIF-2 is phosphorylated and when it is not phosphorylated?arrow_forwardHow do activators facilitate transcription? Activator (inactive) Activator- binding site RNA polymerase Promoter Transcription normally off. RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter unless the activator is bound to the activator-binding site, but the activator is in an inactive form. Inducer Activator (active) Inducer helps turn transcription on. Transcription Inducer binds to the activator and changes its shape, allowing the activator to bind to the site. RNA polymerase can then bind to the promoter and initiate transcription.arrow_forward
- The DNA-binding proteins that recognize and accurately initiate transcription at specific eukaryotic promoter sequences are called: chromatin-remodeling complexes. transcription factors. Enhancers. response elements.arrow_forwardRegulation of gene expression in eukaryotes can occur: Group of answer choices at the post-transcriptional level, by changes in mRNA stability. all of these at the post-translational level, by modifications to activate proteins. at the transcriptional level, mediated by specific proteins called transcription factors. at the chromatin level, by changes in the state of condensation of chromatin.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a reason cells regulate gene expression at a level other than the transcriptional level? Some proteins are only required in part of the cell and transcriptional control will only regulate the mRNA/protein throughout the cell. The core promoter for many genes is the same, so these genes will always be transcribed in the same cells. Differential gene expression in different cell types requires regulation of gene expression at levels other than transcription. Transcription and translation are realtively slow processes, so cells need to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally if they require a fast change in expression of a gene. Not all cells are transcriptionally active (meaning they do not transcribe any genes), so these cells need to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.arrow_forward
- Choose all that apply regarding gene transcription in eukaryotes: Multiple transcription factors are necessary to form the pre-initiation complex (PIC) of RNA Pol II. The 5' cap of mRNA requires the free triphosphate on the nucleotide at the 5' end. Introns must be removed from the initial RNA transcipt. Histone acetylation is a method controlling gene expression. Acetylation creates more positive charges on histones, leading to tighter binding of the proteins to DNA. Exons are removed from mRNA by the spliceosome. RNA polymerase II must completely finish an mRNA transcript before processing can begin. RNA polymerase I catalyzes the synthesis of the majority of ribosomal RNA. The hormone 173-estradiol binds to a G-protein coupled receptor to control gene transcription.arrow_forwarde table below with the word that matches the definition in the right column. regulatory proteins (transcription factors) that speed up transcription by helping RNA polymerase bind to a promoter DNA sequences that indicate where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase begins-typically located upstream from the 5C end Proteins bound to DNA that affect when and how fast a gene is transcribed These factors slow down/shut off transcription either by preventing access to promoters or by keeping RNA polymerase from moving along the DNA strand 3 Regulatory DNA sequénces located upstream or downstream from an associated gene that enhance the transcription rate of that gene when bound to specific proteins 3A sequence of DNA that when bound to a transcription factor blocks the inappropriate effect of an enhancer on a neighboring genearrow_forward") genes are atftected. PREDICT How might a mutation that affects a regulatory element, such as a promoter, transcription factor, or enhancer, affect the expression of a gene? Would the gene be expressed? If so, how might its expression change? Start Typing... DNA RNA polymerase gene enhancer TATA box promoter transcription factorsarrow_forward
- Lack of phosporylation of the C-terminal domian of Pol Il will result in which of the following? O Assembly of the full set of general transcription factors plus Pol II at the promoter, but unphosphorylated Pol II cannot leave the promoter region No assembly of the general transcription factors at a promoter No binding of Pol II at a promoter The unphosphorylated Pol II can initiate and elongate but cannot terminatearrow_forwardHow does the 4 feature of transcription factors namely the structural motifs of DNA binding protein, activation domains, multiple transcription factors and enhancers help in the design of a building block tool. U can use the SrY gene as ur building block tool. Pls explain in details using those features of the transcription factors. In 400 wordsarrow_forwardRegulation of transcription is mediated by proteins that first must bind to specific sequences/elements that are present in DNA. Fill in the table below based on your knowledge of the different sequences and proteins involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Regulatory sequence Category of Protein that Binds Effect on Transcription of Associated Gene Generic or Gene-Specific Regulation? Core Promoter Element Activator Silencerarrow_forward
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