Chapter U4.22, Problem 1TAI

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The way of finding the concentration of acid and base via using neutralization reaction is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction: The reaction in which hydrogen ion $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ and hydroxide ion $\left({\text{OH}}^{-}\right)$ combine together to form water is termed as neutralization reaction. An acid base neutralization reaction is a type of reaction in which acid and base combine together quantitatively to form water and salt.

Answer to Problem 1TAI

The concentration of acid and base via using neutralization reaction is calculated by the formula shown below.

  $M_{\text{acid}}{V}_{\text{acid}}=M_{\text{base}}{V}_{\text{base}}$

Explanation of Solution

In laboratory, the concentration of acid and base is determined by neutralization reaction by performing acid base titration. For example, let’s say there is an acidic solution with unknown concentration. If this acidic solution is titrated with known concentration of base, the acid will be slowly neutralized. When all the acid will be neutralized, there will be an equivalence point. At equivalence point, the number of moles of acid is equal to the number of moles of base. Therefore, the concentration of acid is calculated as shown below.

  $\begin{array}{c}{n}_{\text{acid}}=n_{\text{base}}\\ M_{\text{acid}}\cdot V_{\text{acid}}=M_{\text{base}}\cdot V_{\text{base}}\end{array}$

Here,

• $M_{\text{acid}}$ is the concentration of acid.
• $M_{\text{base}}$ is the concentration of base.
• $V_{\text{acid}}$ is the volume of acid.
• $V_{\text{base}}$ is the volume of base.

If the concentration of base, volume of acid, and volume of base is known, the concentration of acid can be calculated. In the same way, the concentration of base can also be calculated.

Conclusion

The concentration of acid and base via using neutralization reaction is calculated by the formula shown below.

  $M_{\text{acid}}{V}_{\text{acid}}=M_{\text{base}}{V}_{\text{base}}$