Chapter U1.18, Problem 6E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons in an atom of Carbon (C) and Silicon (Si) element needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An atom is considered as the basic unit of matter. It is composed of three sub-atomic particles; electrons, protons and neutrons.

Electrons are placed in certain energy levels which are called as shell. The outermost shell of an atom is called as valence shell and the electrons are called as valence shell electrons. These valence shell electrons take part in all chemical reactions and are also involved in chemical bonding.

Answer to Problem 6E

Carbon = 6 electrons

Silicon = 14 electrons

Explanation of Solution

Both carbon and silicon are member of same group of periodic table that is 14^th group. The atomic number of carbon is 6 and the atomic number of silicon is 14.

In a neutral atom, the number of protons (atomic number) is always equal to the number of electrons because neutrons are neutral particles and the charge balance must be from the charge of protons and electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shell model for an atom of Carbon (C) and Silicon (Si) element needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An atom is considered as the basic unit of matter. It is composed of three sub-atomic particles; electrons, protons and neutrons.

Electrons are placed in certain energy levels which are called as shell. The outermost shell of an atom is called as valence shell and the electrons are called as valence shell electrons. These valence shell electrons take part in all chemical reactions and are also involved in chemical bonding.

Answer to Problem 6E

Explanation of Solution

Both carbon and silicon are member of same group of periodic table that is 14^th group. The atomic number of carbon is 6 and the atomic number of silicon is 14.

The shell model of an atom represents the number of electrons in each shell of the atom. The shell model of an atom indicates the electronic distribution of electrons in an atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons in an atom of Carbon (C) and Silicon (Si) element needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An atom is considered as the basic unit of matter. It is composed of three sub-atomic particles; electrons, protons and neutrons.

Electrons are placed in certain energy levels which are called as shell. The outermost shell of an atom is called as valence shell and the electrons are called as valence shell electrons. These valence shell electrons take part in all chemical reactions and are also involved in chemical bonding.

Answer to Problem 6E

C = 4 valence electrons

Si = 4 valence electrons

Explanation of Solution

Both carbon and silicon are member of same group of periodic table that is 14^th group. The atomic number of carbon is 6 and the atomic number of silicon is 14.

The valence shell electrons are the electrons in the outer most shell of an atom. Both C and Si belong to same group in the periodic table and the elements in the same group have same valence shell electronic configuration. There are 4 electrons in the valence shell of both C and Si atom as shown in the shell model.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of core electrons in an atom of Carbon (C) and Silicon (Si) element needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An atom is considered as the basic unit of matter. It is composed of three sub-atomic particles; electrons, protons and neutrons.

Electrons are placed in certain energy levels which are called as shell. The outermost shell of an atom is called as valence shell and the electrons are called as valence shell electrons. These valence shell electrons take part in all chemical reactions and are also involved in chemical bonding.

Answer to Problem 6E

C = 2 valence electrons

Si = 10 valence electrons

Explanation of Solution

Both carbon and silicon are member of same group of periodic table that is 14^th group. The atomic number of carbon is 6 and the atomic number of silicon is 14. There are 4 electrons in the valence shell of both C and Si atom as shown in the shell model. Thus, the remaining electrons must be in innermost shell which are called as core electrons.

The number of core electrons in:

C = Atomic number − valence electrons = 6-4 = 2 electrons

Si = Atomic number − valence electrons = 14-4 = 10 electrons

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason of similar properties of carbon and silicon needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An atom is considered as the basic unit of matter. It is composed of three sub-atomic particles; electrons, protons and neutrons.

Electrons are placed in certain energy levels which are called as shell. The outermost shell of an atom is called as valence shell and the electrons are called as valence shell electrons. These valence shell electrons take part in all chemical reactions and are also involved in chemical bonding.

Answer to Problem 6E

Since both C and Si atoms have same number of valence electrons, therefore, they exhibit similar properties.

Explanation of Solution

Both carbon and silicon are member of same group of periodic table that is 14^th group. The atomic number of carbon is 6 and the atomic number of silicon is 14. There are 4 electrons in the valence shell of both C and Si atom as shown in the shell model. Since both C and Si atoms have same number of valence electrons, therefore, they exhibit similar properties because valence electrons always take part in chemical properties and bonding of atoms.